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In recent decades, natural products derived from plants and their derivatives have attracted great interest in the field of disease treatment. Triptolide is a tricyclic diterpene extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has shown excellent therapeutic potential in the fields of immune inflammation and cancer treatment. In this study, 1,106 Web-of-Science-indexed manuscripts and 1,160 Chinese-National-Knowledge-Infrastructure-indexed manuscripts regarding triptolide published between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed, mapping the co-occurrence networks of keywords and clusters using CiteSpace software. The research frontier and development trend were determined by keyword frequency and cluster analysis, which can be used to predict the future research development of triptolide. Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is most common in lung cancer patients, accounting for about 80% of all lung cancer patients. New evidence suggests that triptolide effectively inhibits the development and metastasis of NSCLC by the induction of apoptosis, reversion of EMT, and regulation of gene expression. Specifically, it acts on NF-κB, MAPKs, P53, Wnt/β-catenin, and microRNAs (miRNAs), signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Consequently, this article reviews the research progress of the anti-NSCLC effect of triptolide. In addition, attenuated studies on triptolide and the potential of tumor immunotherapy are also discussed.

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Hydrochemistry of groundwater provides new insight to studying on water evolution in arid and semi-arid regions. The chemical properties of sixty-three groundwater samples were assessed from oasis areas in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin of northwest China, with the aiming of evaluating natural and anthropogenic factors controlling groundwater quality. Results of the study showed that: The 55.6% groundwater samples were nonsalinized whereas 33.3% slightly salinized and 11.1% moderately salinized existed. The major ions of the groundwater were dominated by Na + , Ca 2+ , HCO 3-, SO 4 2-, and Cl-. The 34.9% of the samples showed NO 3 more than the human affected value. The major anthropogenic inputs into the groundwater contain nitrate, phosphate, potassium and chloride, with Cland NO 3-, which were the major contributors to groundwater pollution resources in the study area. Elevated knowledge of geochemical evolution of groundwater in agricultural oasis areas of northwest China could generally improve understanding of hydro-chemical systems in arid and semi-arid regions of China; further maintain sustainable development and effective management of groundwater resource.

Landslide is one of the most common and severe geological disasters, which significantly endangers people's lives and properties. Therefore, the evaluation of landslide susceptibility in a specific area is important for disaster control and mitigation. This paper selected Pengyang County as the study area. It divided the indicator state levels, and further assigned a score for each indicator according to the related information values (IV) based on the analysis of graded area ratio and landslide occurrence frequency distribution. Because the solo analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method always causes large errors during the weight determination, a variable-weight based weighted information value (VW-AHP-IV) model was applied in this paper for landslide susceptibility evaluation. The study area was classified into four grades by the natural breakpoint method: high susceptibility area (11.80%), medium susceptibility area (29.23%), low susceptibility area (42.45%) and very low susceptibility area (16.52%).In addition, this paper also discussed the influences of precipitation and human activities. According to the evaluation results and discussion, the study area was classified into three prevention and control areas: focus prevention and control area, sub-focus prevention and control area, and general prevention and control area. For each area, the corresponding prevention and control suggestions were proposed in order to reduce the occurrence of landslide disasters.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) differ in onset of action and bioavailability. This trial was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an immediate‐release capsule formulation containing lansoprazole 30 mg and sodium bicarbonate 1100 mg (T preparation) in healthy Chinese subjects. This was an open, single‐center, randomized, single and multiple oral doses, and two‐period crossover study in 30 healthy subjects. After single‐ and multiple‐dose oral administration, blood samples were obtained and lansoprazole concentration in serum was measured for pharmacokinetic analysis. Meanwhile, the intragastric pH was monitored continuously to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of the investigational drugs. The Tmax of the T preparation was 0.5 hours, while the Tmax of the R preparation was 1.5 hours after multiple doses, which indicated that the absorption speed of the T preparation was significantly faster than that of the R preparation. The same characteristics also existed after single‐dose administration. The area under the curve (AUC)ss of the T preparation was bio‐equivalent to that of the R preparation under steady state. The time percentage of intragastric pH > 4.0 for the T preparation was higher than that of the R preparation after 1 hour for both single‐ and multiple‐dose. It suggested compared with R preparation, the time percentage of intragastric pH > 4.0 met the criteria for superiority after 1 hour administration for the T preparation. In addition, no serious adverse events occurred in this study. Across this study, the T preparation was better than the R preparation at improving drug absorption and increasing intragastric pH, and had a favorable safety profile.