In the J-TEXT tokamak, the penetration of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has been studied by using a set of in-vessel RMP coils. It is found that, once the RMP amplitude exceeds a critical value, the applied RMP can lead to field penetration and excitation of a large locked mode in the tearing-stable plasma. The sawtooth oscillations disappear and the confinement deteriorates significantly accompanied by tearing mode excitation. For the plasma with an initial high frequency tearing mode, the RMP can suppress the tearing mode, and field penetration followed with a further increased RMP. The relationship between the RMP penetration threshold and the electron density has been investigated for tearing-stable plasmas. It is found that the penetration threshold increases with the density and scales proportionally to in the ranges of (0.7–2.7) × 1019 m−3. Using the experimental parameters as input, the numerical modelling based on two-fluid equations gives the scaling of , which approximately agrees with the experimental density scaling.

CD8(+) T cells have low cytotoxic activity; nevertheless, they are a significant and previously underappreciated source of inflammatory cytokine production in polyps. Different Tc cell subset domination may contribute to distinctly biased granulocyte inflammation in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic polyps.

A genome-wide investigation identified five B. distachyon ASR genes. BdASR1 may be a transcription factor that confers drought resistance by activating antioxidant systems involving ROS-scavenging enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) proteins belong to a family of plant-specific, small, and hydrophilic proteins with important roles in responses to abiotic stresses. Although several ASR genes involved in drought tolerance have been characterized in various plant species, the mechanisms regulating ASR activities are still uncharacterized. Additionally, no research on Brachypodium distachyon ASR proteins have been completed. In this study, five B. distachyon BdASR genes were identified through genome-wide analyses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that BdASR genes originated from tandem and whole genome duplications. Expression analyses revealed the BdASR genes responded to various abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, and salinity, as well as signaling molecules such as abscisic acid, ethylene, and H2O2. BdASR1, which localizes to the nucleus and is transcriptionally active, was functionally characterized. BdASR1 overexpression considerably enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants, which was accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities, as well as an increased abundance of antioxidants such as ascorbate, tocopherols, and glutathione. BdASR1 may function as a transcription factor that provides drought stress resistance by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants.

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