We describe a rare pituitary cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient, with radiological features similar to those of a pituitary macroadenoma. Although unusual, it should be added to the list of differential diagnosis of pituitary masses. Contrast enhancement of adjacent meninges differentiated the lesion from an adenoma.

Background: Whether the histologic subtype (type 1 and type 2) of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a tool to predict the prognosis is of great debate. This study is aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of histologic subtype in patients with pRCC after surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: We searched PubMed, the Web of Science, Cochrane library and EMBASE databases to identify studies published until January 20, 2021 according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared the overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) or disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with type 1 or type 2 pRCC. And the corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% conference intervals (CIs) were collected for meta-analysis and further subgroup analysis.Results: Overall 22 studies with a total of 4,494 patients were considered eligible and included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that type 2 pRCC was associated with a worse

ObjectivesTo summarize the clinicopathological diagnostic features and evolutionary trends of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in China over the past 20 years.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma in the Peking University First Hospital from 2001 to 2020 were retrospectively collected. Data were divided into two groups (2001-2010 and 2011-2020) according to the date of diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS V22.0. Chi-square analysis and t-test were adopted to analyze depending on the data type. Subgroup analysis based on 5 years was used for visualization to present trends. Both Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression were used for univariate and multivariate survival analysis.ResultsThe study included 2561 cases diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma in total. Compared with the first decade (2001-2010), patients of the second decades (2011-2020) had elder mean age (66.65 versus 67.59, years, p=0.025), higher male proportion (43.5% versus 49.0%, p=0.034), lower incidence of renal pelvic tumors (53.4% versus 45.8%, p<0.001) and multifocality (18.6% versus 12.0%, p<0.001), higher incidence of ureteral tumors (52.2% versus 60.9%, p<0.001).In recent ten years, the incidence of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (pT2+) decreased significantly (64.4% versus 54.9%, p<0.001),and the mean size of renal pelvic tumors increased(3.46 versus 3.73, cm, p=0.043). The size of the ureteral tumor, the histopathologic grade showed no significant change. The prognostic analysis based on 709 patients regularly followed at our center revealed that the male gender and G3 histopathological grade were independent risk factors for poorer prognosis in patients with UTUC.ConclusionIn the past 20 years, the clinicopathological diagnostic features of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in the Chinese population has changed significantly, suggesting an increased risk of a poorer prognosis for UTUC. This trend may be related to updating diagnostic techniques and self-monitoring awareness. However, we need more high-grade, multicenter trials to verify it in the future.

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