La biotecnología es un campo interdisciplinario, en el que, se utilizan diversas metodologías y herramientas enfocados en la transformación de organismos vivos o sustancias derivadas de dichos organismos que pueden ser dirigidos a alguna problemática específica. Por una parte la biotecnología puede ayudar a introducir características fenotípicas y genotípicas en los cultivos, lo que permiten la producción de alimentos enriquecidos con nutrientes pudiendo ayudar a la diminución de la desnutrición en la población susceptible, además de involucrar las bases biotecnologías en la generación de técnicas de pronóstico y diagnostico tanto en enfermedades no transmitibles, como en enfermedades en los que se encuentran involucrados algún agente infeccioso, ya sea que hablemos de generación de proteínas recombinantes, vacunas y técnicas de diagnóstico molecular, que resumido podemos hablar de la estabilidad y/o recuperación de la salud de la población. Otro campo importante de la biotecnología es el uso de microorganismos y la biorremedación de suelos, agua, residuos, etc. Por lo que, en este manuscrito presenta una revisión sobre los aportes de la biotecnología en el campo de las ciencias de la salud, mediante el desarrollo de herramientas de cultivos modificados genéticamente enriquecidos nutricionalmente, diagnóstico molecular, vacunas, y gestión de desechos.
Sexually transmitted infections and its contribution to prostate cancer (PC) development have been relevant in different populations. MSMB gene polymorphism (rs10993994) has exhibited an association both with PC as well as the susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Hitherto, these conditions have been not studied in Mexico yet, neither if sexually transmitted infections could modify the MSMB and PC association. Herein, socio-demographic features, sexually transmitted infections records, the reproductive backgrounds, and the genetic characterisation were analysed in 322 incident PC cases and 628 population healthy controls from Mexico City. Whole PC, early-onset PC (PC at < 60 years old), late-onset PC (≥ 60 years old), and PC aggressiveness were used to evaluate the genetic variants contribution to PC risk using unconditional logistic regression models. Overall, none associations between the allelic variants of rs10993994 polymorphisms with whole and PC aggressiveness were found. Howbeit, the TT genotype carriers presented the highest susceptibility to develop early-onset PC (OR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.41, 5.04; p = 0.03) than CC+CT carriers, both with codominant and recessive models. Although none association between whole PC and MSMB gene polymorphism was found, our results were reinforced by prior studies in European descendent populations, suggesting a contribution between rs10993994 and early-onset PC development.
Background: Persistent gut microbiota (GM) imbalance has been associated with metabolic disease development. This study evaluated the mediating role of waist circumference in the association between GM and insulin resistance (IR) in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 533 children aged between 6 and 12. The anthropometry, metabolic markers, and relative abundance (RA) of five intestinal bacterial species were measured. Path coefficients were estimated using path analysis to assess direct, indirect (mediated by waist circumference), and total effects on the association between GM and IR. Results: The results indicated a positive association mediated by waist circumference between the medium and high RA of S. aureus with homeostatic model assessments for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and for insulin resistance adiponectin-corrected (HOMA-AD). We found a negative association mediated by waist circumference between the low and medium RA of A. muciniphila and HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. Finally, when we evaluated the joint effect of S. aureus, L. casei, and A. muciniphila, we found a waist circumference-mediated negative association with HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. Conclusions: Waist circumference is a crucial mediator in the association between S. aureus and A. muciniphila RA and changes in HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD scores in children.
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