Abstract. Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in tumor biology. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) platform is a large sample sequencing database of lncRNAs, and further analysis of the associations between these data and patients' clinical related information can provide new approaches to find the functions of lncRNA. In the present study, 361 RNA sequencing profiles of gastric cancer (GC) patients were selected from TCGA. Then, we constructed the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of GC. There were 25 GC specific lncRNAs (fold change >2, p<0.05) identified, 19 of them were included in ceRNA network. Subsequently, we selected these 19 key lncRNAs and analyzed the correlations with clinical features and overall survival, 14 of them were discriminatively expressed with tumor size, tumor grade, TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05). In addition, eight lncRNAs (RPLP0P2, FOXD2-AS1, H19, TINCR, SLC26A4-AS1, SMIM10L2A, SMIM10L2B and SNORD116-4) were found to be significantly associated with overall survival (log-rank p<0.05). Finally, two key lncRNAs HOTAIR and UCA1 were selected for validation of their expression levels in 82 newly diagnosed GC patients by qRT-PCR. Results showed that the fold changes between TCGA and qRT-PCR were 100% in agreement. In addition, we also found that HOTAIR was significantly correlated with tumor size and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05), and UCA1 was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05).The clinical relevance of the two lncRNAs and the bioinformatics analysis results were almost the same. Overall, our study showed the GC specific lncRNAs expression patterns and a ceRNA network in GC. Clinical features related to GC specific lncRNAs also suggested these lncRNAs are worthwhile for further study as novel candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of GC and potential indicators for prognosis. IntroductionNoncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcripts that have no ability of coding proteins, which widely exit in high eukaryotics. According to their characteristics, ncRNAs can be divided into several subtypes including transfer RNA, small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). The amount of the ncRNAs transcripts is >98% of the whole genome transcripts and have been suggested to represent transcriptional noise (1). However, more and more evidence indicates that transcriptional output of genome is far more complex than predicted, and suggests new paradigms of ncRNA regulation (2).Recent studies suggest that the ncRNAs may play important biological roles in transcriptional regulation, cellular development, formation of chromosome and RNA modification (3). Based on the transcript size, ncRNAs are grouped into small ncRNAs (<200 bp) and long ncRNAs (>200 bp, up to 100 kb). lncRNA is the functional end-product, and the level of lncRNA expression correlates directly with the level of the active molecule. Thus, ...

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) has been recently shown to be dysregulated during disease occurrence and to play an important role in the progression of several cancers. However, the biological role and potential regulation mechanism of UCA1 in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we found that UCA1 was aberrantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines, and was associated with TNM stage and metastasis. UCA1 silencing significantly inhibited gastric cancer BGC-823 cell proliferation and increased its apoptosis. We also found that UCA1 played an important role in the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanism of UCA1 suggested that UCA1 regulates the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling proteins and their downstream mediators, to alter gastric cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the results showed a pivotal role of UCA1 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. In addition, the study characterized a novel lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network, which may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and assist in lncRNA-directed diagnosis and therapy for this malignancy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. To reduce its high mortality, sensitive and specific biomarkers for early detection are urgently needed. Recent studies have reported that tumor-specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) seem to be potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In the present study, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiling of GC specimens and their paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues was performed. Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified through microarray analysis. The function of differential mRNA was determined by gene ontology and pathway analysis and the functions of lncRNAs were studied by constructing a co-expression network to find the relationships with corresponding mRNAs. We connected the co-expression network, mRNA functions, and the results of the microarray profile differential expression and selected 14 significantly differentially expressed key lncRNAs and 21 key mRNAs. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to verify these key RNAs in 50 newly diagnosed GC patients. The data showed that RP5-919F19, CTD-2541M15 and UCA1 was significantly higher expressed. AP000459, LOC101928316, RP11-167N4 and LINC01071 expression was significantly lower in 30 advanced GC tumor tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues P<0.05. Then, we further validated the above significant differential expression candidate lncRNAs in 20 early stage GC patients. Results showed that CTD-2541M15 and UCA1 were significantly higher expressed, AP000459, LINC01071 and MEG3 expression was significantly lower in 20 early stage GC patient tumor tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). In addition, expression of these lncRNAs shows gradual upward trend from early stage GC to advanced GC. Furthermore, conditional logistic regression analysis revealed the aberrant expression of CTD-2541M15, UCA1 and MEG3 closely linked with GC. There is a set of differentially expressed lncRNAs in GC which may be associated with the progression and development of GC. The differential expression profiles of lncRNAs in GC may be promising biomarkers for the early detection and early screening of high‑risk populations.

Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been closely implicated in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network among human cancers including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of most circRNAs in NSCLC remains to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of hsa_circ_0007385 (circ_0007385) in NSCLC cells. Methods Expression of hsa_circ_0007385 (circ_0007385), miRNA (miR)‐519d‐5p and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was measured by real‐time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Functional experiments were evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK)‐8, flow cytometry, fluorescein active caspase‐3 staining kit, transwell assays, western blotting, and xenograft experiment. The relationship among circ_0007385,miR‐519d‐5p and HMGB1 was testified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Kaplan‐Meiersurvival curve identified overall survival in NSCLC patients. Results circ_0007385 expression was higher in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and was associated with poor overall survival. Silencing circ_0007385 could suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion in A549 and H1975 cells, as well as cisplatin (DDP) resistance. Moreover, circ_0007385 silence retarded tumor growth of A549 cells in vivo. Molecularly, there was a direct interaction between miR‐519d‐3p and either circ_0007385 or HMGB1; expression of miR‐519d‐3p was downregulated in NSCLC tumors in a circ_0007385‐correlated manner, and circ_0007385 could indirectly regulate HMGB1 via miR‐519d‐3p. Functionally, both inhibiting miR‐519d‐3p and restoring HMGB1 could overturn the suppressive effect of circ_0007385 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and DDP resistance. Conclusions Collectively, circ_0007385 deletion could function anti‐tumor role in NSCLC by suppressing malignant behaviors and DDP resistance in vitro and in vivo via circ_0007385/miR‐519d‐3p/HMGB1 axis. These outcomes might enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant progression of NSCLC. Key points Significant findings of the study circ_0007385 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and was associated with poor overall survival. Silenced circ_0007385 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and DDP resistance in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. circ_0007385 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and was associated with poor overall survival. What this study adds miR‐519d‐3p could directly interact with circ_0007385 and HMGB1 in NSCLC cells. A promising circ_0007385/miR‐519d‐3p/HMGB1 regulatory pathway was determined in NSCLC cells.

Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is associated with tumor growth and resistance to radiation. The canonical Notch signaling pathway is also crucial for maintaining non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aberrant Nrf2 and Notch signaling has repeatedly been showed to facilitate metastasis of NSCLC. Here, we show that radiation induce Nrf2 and Notch1 expression in NSCLC. Knockdown of Nrf2 enhanced radiosensitivity of NSCLC and reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Importantly, we found that knockdown of Nrf2 dramatically decreased radiation-induced NSCLC invasion and significantly increased E-cadherin, but reduced N-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 expression. We found that Notch1 knockdown also upregulated E-cadherin and suppressed N-cadherin expression. Nrf2 contributes to NSCLC cell metastatic properties and this inhibition correlated with reduced Notch1 expression. These results establish that Nrf2 and Notch1 downregulation synergistically inhibit radiation-induced migratory and invasive properties of NSCLC cells.

Background:Population-based cancer registry collects the data on cancer incidence and mortality deaths from covered population to describe and survey the epidemics in certain areas. The aim of this study was to estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in Wuwei, Gansu province, Northwestern China from 2003 to 2012. The goal is to better understand cancer distribution and long-term development of cancer prevention and treatment in Wuwei.Methods:Data were collected from the Wuwei Cancer Registry between 2003 and 2012. In this registry, data from 46 cancer report centers were included in this analysis. Incidence/mortality rates, age-specific incidence/mortality rates, age-standardized incidence/mortality rates, and cumulative incidence/mortality rates were calculated. Totally, 9,836,740 person-years (5,110,342 for males and 4,726,398 for females) had been monitored over this time period. The gender ratio of male/female was 1.08:1. The number of new cancer cases and related deaths was 24,705 and 17,287 from 2003 to 2012, respectively.Results:The proportion of morphological verification was 74.43%. The incidence of cases identified through death certification only was 1.21%, and the mortality to incidence ratio was 0.70. The average crude incidence was 251.15/100,000 persons (310.61 and 186.87 for males and females per 100,000 persons, respectively). The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population (ASR-China) and by world standard population (ASR-world) were 207.76 and 245.42 per 100,000 persons, respectively. The crude cancer mortality was 175.74/100,000 persons (228.34 and 118.86 for males and females per 100,000 persons). ASR for China and the world was 149.57 and 175.13/100,000 persons, respectively. The most common cancers and leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Wuwei were as follows: cancers of stomach, esophagus, liver, lung, colorectum, breast, cervix, lymphoma, blood (leukemia), brain, and central nervous system. In Wuwei, during 2003 and 2012, cancer incidence and mortality rates increased by 1.32% and 1.31%/year, respectively. During this time, colorectum cancer incidence and mortality rates increased by 2.69% and 7.54%/year, respectively, in Wuwei. The incidence and mortality of other gastric, esophageal, liver, and lung cancers also all increased.Conclusions:The results of this study report a more accurate cancer burden among the population of Wuwei, China. Active research of cancers etiology and effective prevention should be established to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with cancers.

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Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has played the important function in regulation of various biological processes and in diagnostic value has been widely appreciated. In the present study, we have found that LOC101928316 was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissues specimen, GC cell lines, and associated with the GC patients tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage and degree of differentiation ( P ＜ 0.05). LOC101928316 overexpression can significantly inhibit SGC‐7901 cell migration, invasion, and proliferation ( P ＜0.05). LOC101928316 molecular mechanism investigates suggested that LOC101928316 can regulate PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway and change the GC development progression in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiment also revealed that LOC101928316‐Overexpression can inhibit the tumorigenicity of GC cells in tumor‐burdened experimental nude mice ( P ＜ 0.05). LOC101928316 may function as anti‐oncogene and also plays an important role in GC tumorigenesis. Collectively, our data provided the key role of LOC101928316 in the tumorigenesis of GC. In addition, the present study elucidates LOC101928316 potential regulatory network, which may help us to lead a better knowing of the pathogenesis of GC and probe the lncRNA as a novel biomarker to diagnosis and therapy for this malignant tumor.