To ensure the delivery of spinning reserve (SR) under predicted contingency conditions, zone-based SR procurement mechanism should be taken into account in practice. An oligopolistic model considering locational SR requirement in joint energy and SR market is proposed in this paper. Every pre-defined SR zone has its own SR requirement, and the relevant SR could be procured not only from the locational generators, but also from the generation resources outside this locational SR area via the tie line interface. Each GenCo is assumed to manipulate the energy price by means of the conjectured supply function; and the coupling effect between energy price and SR price is also analyzed. A 6-bus system and the IEEE 30-bus system are simulated to validate the proposed model; the test results show that the locational SR requirement could make the SR distribution more rational, while demand surplus may decrease due to less energy supply in the locational SR area. Besides, the zonal SR price in the oligopolistic market is usually less than that in the competitive market.
Based on boundary element method, a mathematical model of single box floating breakwater with mooring chain under regular wave is developed in time domain. From the comparison with the experimental data, the numerical program can simulate the transmission coefficient variaty tendency well, while on the aspect of the quantity, the numerical result is always larger than the experimental one, for the ignorance of the friction and dissipation energy.
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