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Anatomic AM augmentation can lead to biomechanical advantages at time zero when compared with the nonanatomic (high AM) augmentation. Anatomic AM augmentation better restores the knee kinematics to the intact ACL state.

Both single- and double-bundle anatomic ACL reconstruction can restore the knee's stability and functions very well. However, more incidences of poor PL status and medial patellar-femoral cartilage damage may occur in double-bundle ACL reconstruction.

A novel method was developed for calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffold 3D printing, through which a bilayer scaffold was fabricated by the integral molding of individual CDHA and poly(lactic-glycolic acid copolymer) (PLGA). The hydration reaction of α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was utilized to form CDHA, and a mixed solution of gelatin, glycerine and glutaraldehyde was applied as the dispersant and adhesive. The concentration of the glutaraldehyde (1‰(v/v)) and the mixing ratio of α-TCP (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 g ml−1) were studied with regard to the effect on the forming ability of the CDHA ink. The influence of α-TCP proportion (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 g ml−1) on the formation of CDHA was also researched in phase analysis, morphology and compressive strength measurements. The CDHA/PLGA bilayer scaffold was fabricated with a good combination of the two components by 3D printing. The in vitro degradation, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation behavior were studied. Meanwhile, the in-vivo performances in terms of surgical safety, biodegradation and osteogenic capacity were investigated with a cortical bone defect model in a rabbit femur. The results showed that the CDHA/PLGA bilayer scaffold had excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. The scaffolds were successfully implanted and presented remarkable osteogenic capacity within 6 months through analyses in radiography and histology. In conclusion, the method has a potential clinical application in diverse bone repair practices by varied 3D-printing fabrication.

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BackgroundMetal hypersensitivity, mostly documented in prosthesis implantation, is a rare complication after arthroplasty. Such cases become rarer and more difficult to diagnose when it comes to lumbar surgery.Case presentationWe present the case of a 52-year-old female patient with reoccured low back pain and sciatica after posterior lumbar decompression and fusion (PLDF) for her lumbar disc herniation. The initial clinical and radiological examinations showed no pathologies. Further imaging and histopathological studies in later period revealed an aseptic loosening of the hardware and an aseptic inflammatory response which was diagnosed to be metal hypersensitivity. To our knowledge, few allergic cases in the matter of spinal fusion were reported so far.ConclusionsMetal hypersensitivity after spinal fusion should be considered in patients with representation of postoperative back pain. And elaborate history taking would conduce a lot to it’s diagnose.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-314) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

As an epigenetic modification, DNA methylation may reflect the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of schizophrenia (SCZ). Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is a promising candidate gene of SCZ. In the present study, we investigate the association of COMT methylation with the risk of SCZ using bisulfite pyrosequencing technology. Significant association between DNA methylation of COMT and the risk of SCZ is identified (P=1.618e-007). A breakdown analysis by gender shows that the significance is driven by males (P=3.310e-009), but not by females. DNA methylation of COMT is not significantly associated with SCZ clinical phenotypes, including p300 and cysteine level. No interaction is found between COMT genotypes and the percent methylation of this gene. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that DNA methylation of COMT is able to predict the SCZ risk in males (area under curve [AUC]=0.802, P=1.91e-007). The current study indicates the clinical value of COMT methylation as a potential male-specific biomarker in SCZ diagnosis.

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