Capsaicinoids have cholesterol-lowering effects in OVX rats. The hypocholesterolemic activity of capsaicinoids is caused by the stimulating conversion of cholesterol to bile acids by upregulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression and the increase in fecal total bile acid excretion.
This Letter reports a Fe-C coated long period fiber gratings sensor with a grating period of 387±0.1 μm for corrosion monitoring of low carbon steel in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. An LPFG sensor was first deposited with a 0.8 μm thick layer of silver (Ag) and then electroplated with a 20 μm thick Fe-C coating. The chemical composition of the Fe-C coating was designed to include the main elements of low carbon steel. The resonant wavelength of the coated sensor was correlated with the mass loss of steel over time. Test results indicated a corrosion sensitivity of 0.0423 nm per 1% mass loss up to 80% Fe-C mass loss and 0.576 nm per 1% mass loss between 80% and 95% Fe-C mass loss. The corrosion sensitivity of such a Fe-C coated LPFG sensor was a trade-off for the service life of the sensor, both depending on thicknesses of the inner silver layer and the outer Fe-C coating.
In this study, two types of smart rock were proposed to monitor bridge scour effect, including a direction-unknown (DU) smart rock and a direction-known (DK) smart rock. The DU smart rock is a concrete ball containing a cylindrical magnet, and the DK smart rock is also a concrete ball but contains a magnet whose direction is always pointing to the projected direction of the ambient magnetic field (AMF) in the horizontal plane. Based on the theory of magnetic field, the distribution of the magnetic field induced by DU and DK smart rock was derived. Algorithms were developed to localize the position of the two smart rocks under the AMF. Field tests were conducted at a bridge pier, and the intensity and direction of the AMF at the test site were measured by using a magnetometer and a home-made device, respectively. Results showed that presence of steel reinforcement and steel girders in the bridge changed the distribution of the geomagnetic field. The algorithms were able to localize the position of both the DU and the DK smart rocks with satisfied accuracy. Compared with the DU smart rock, the amount of calculation to localize DK smart rock was reduced. However, the measurement error was increased due to the instability of its direction from varying AMF caused by environmental factors such as passing vehicles on the bridge.
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