The aim of the present study was to compare the characteristics of acellular dermal matrix (ADM), small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and Bio-Gide scaffolds with acellular vascular matrix (ACVM)-0.25% human-like collagen I (HLC-I) scaffold in tissue engineering blood vessels. The ACVM-0.25% HLC-I scaffold was prepared and compared with ADM, SIS and Bio-Gide scaffolds via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. Primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured and identified. Then, the experiment was established via the seeding of HGFs on different scaffolds for 1, 4 and 7 days. The compatibility of four different scaffolds with HGFs was evaluated by H&E staining, SEM observation and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Then, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate water absorption capacities, mechanical abilities, the ultra-microstructure and the cytotoxicity of the four scaffolds. The ACVM-0.25% HLC-I scaffold was revealed to exhibit the best cell proliferation and good cell architecture. ADM and Bio-Gide scaffolds exhibited good mechanical stability but cell proliferation was reduced when compared with the ACVM-0.25% HLC-I scaffold. In addition, SIS scaffolds exhibited the worst cell proliferation. The ACVM-0.25% HLC-I scaffold exhibited the best water absorption, followed by the SIS and Bio-Gide scaffolds, and then the ADM scaffold. In conclusion, the ACVM-0.25% HLC-I scaffold has good mechanical properties as a tissue engineering scaffold and the present results suggest that it has better biological characterization when compared with other scaffold types.
Purpose: To explore the feasibility of constructing tissue-engineered vascularised oral mucosa-like structures with rabbit ACVM-0.25% HLC-I scaffold and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and vascular endothelial-like cells (VEC-like cells). Method: Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, 5ethynyl-2 0-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to detect the growth status of cells on the scaffold complex. After the scaffold complex implanted into nude mice for 28 days, tissues were harvested to observe the cell viability and morphology by the same method as above. Additionally, biomechanical experiments were used to assess the stability of composite scaffold. Results: Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression of Vimentin, S100A 4 and CK, and the induced VEC-like cells had the ability to form tubule-like structures. In vitro observation results showed that HGFs, HGECs and VEC-like had good compatibility with ACVM-0.25% HLC-I and could be layered and grow in the scaffold. After implanted, the mice had no immune rejection and no obvious scar repair on the body surface. The biomfechanical test results showed that the composite scaffold has strong stability. Conclusion: The tissue-engineered vascularised complexes constructed by HGFs, HGECs, VEC-like cells and ACVM-0.25% HLC-I has good biocompatibility and considerable strength.
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