This study aimed to analyze and synthesize the main concepts about Krav Maga in the last four decades. This is a review of the academic literature with a qualitative approach and a narrative nature. The searched databases are PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Index Medicus, Capes Platform, ProQuest Digital Dissertations, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and Google Scholar, between the years 1982 and 2022. Empirical studies with cross-sectional, longitudinal, case, control and randomized design were included, and books and private websites were excluded. The textual corpus was processed by the IRaMuTeQ software. Forty-four studies met the eligibility criteria, of which eighteen conceptualized Krav Maga as “self-defense”, twelve as “fighting”, seven as “hand-to-hand combat”, four as “self-defense art”, three as “cultural heritage” and immaterial” and another as a “hybrid system”. The main aspects evoked and addressed in the research were: Operational and Military, Historical, Pedagogical, Psychosocial and Physiological. Most studies had low to moderate methodological quality, indicating the need for greater control of biases in future research. In addition, it was evidenced that Krav Maga is a system, or method developed for self-defense, however, it is a polysemic term, and cannot be understood in a uniform and linear way.
Objetivo: Comparar a composição corporal, aptidão física e niveis de força muscular, entre praticantes veteranos e iniciantes de Krav Maga durante treinamento físico de 16 semanas. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 30 homens, praticantes de Krav Maga divididos em veteranos (GV, n = 15) e iniciantes (GI, n = 15). Foram mensuradas a composição corporal pelo método Jackson e Pollock, a aptidão física pela flexão de braço, abdominal e flexibilidade, a força de preensão manual isométrica pelo protocolo adaptado de Fess e a força muscular voluntária nos movimentos de Shoulder Press, Back Squat e Deadlift, utilizando-se a estatística Baseyana. A intervenção foi realizada com seções de 60 minutos, três vezes por semana, durante 16 semanas, totalizando 48 aulas. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças entre a composição corporal e percentual de gordura entre grupos (GV = 24,14 ± 4.13%; GI = 26,10 ± 5,18%; BF10 = 0,56), na força de preensão manual (GV = 46,66 ± 8,17 kgf; GI = 41,23 ± 7,77 kgf; BF10 = 1,238) e na flexibilidade muscular (GV = 28,30 ± 7,23 cm; GI = 24,60 ± 7,61 cm; BF10 = 0,691). Foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes na força muscular voluntária (GV = 242,13 ± 43,52 kg; GI = 184,86 ± 43,94 kg; BF10 = 25,615). Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que praticantes veteranos de Krav Maga possuem maiores níveis de força muscular, resistência muscular, aptidão física e força isométrica de membros superiores quando comparado aos iniciantes.
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