Differences in susceptibility to dental caries occurs even under the similar, controlled conditions because of genetic variations, certain environmental factors are potentially more cariogenic for some individuals than for others. Salivary constituents differences may cause variation in caries susceptibility. This study was conducted to assess the salivary pH, flow rate and streptococcus mutans count in relation to oral health status among colored eyes adolescents. The study group included all 85 colored eyes adolescents from 6 secondary schools, while control group contained 85 brown eyes adolescents selected randomly from the same schools (12-15 for both groups, only males). Decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT), plaque (PlI), Gingival (GI) and calculus (CI) indices were used to measure oral health status for both groups. Salivary samples collection was done in the morning at least one hour after breakfast, then normal saline was added to have tenfold dilutions, to assess the total colony counting of the caries related microorganisms (streptococcus mutans), after that inoculation was done in the special selective media (Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin agar). Counting of bacterial colonies were estimated by the aid of dissection microscope. Salivary pH and flow rate were measured directly. The data of present study was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The median and mean rank values for DMFT, PlI, GI and CI indices were higher in study group than control group with high significant differences with regard to DMFT and PlI. A strong positive correlation was recorded between DMFT and PlI, GI, CI in both groups. Salivary pH and flow rate were lower in study compared to the control group (statistically significant difference with salivary flow rate). Higher mean value of salivary streptococcus mutans count among study group compared to control group with statistical significant difference. Dental caries experience and streptococcus mutans count were higher in colored eyes adolescents than brown eyes adolescents. Oral hygiene and salivary flow rate were lower in study group than control group.

Objectives: Dental anxiety among children is a familiar problem. The study (cross sectional) was conducted to evaluate dental anxiety precedes the first dental examination in relation to dental caries experience according to nutritional status of children and to measure salivary alkaline phosphatase in relation to dental anxiety. Material and Methods: A total of 82 children aged six to eight years old, selected from public clinics in Baghdad city were divided into two groups: anxious and non-anxious group according physiological measures (heart rate and oxygen saturation) before first dental treatment. Weight and height for each child were measured to determine the nutritional status (normal weight, overweight and obese). Dental caries (experience and severity) in children with different nutritional status were recorded by using DMF, dmf and Manjie et al indices. Saliva was collected to analyze salivary alkaline phosphatase. Results: No statistical significant differences were observed between anxious and non-anxious children in means of dmf and DMF indices for primary and permanent teeth (p>0.05). Higher mean of D1 (initial enamel caries) was found in non-anxious children than anxious with statistical significant difference (P<0.05) in normal weight children only. Salivary alkaline phosphatase was not significantly different between the two groups.

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Background: Periodontitis is a (chronic) bacterial infection represented by connective tissue breakdown persistently, inflammation and destruction of alveolar bone interfered by pro-inflammatory mediators. As a diagnostic non-invasive fluid; saliva could be used in diagnosis of systemic and oral diseases. The salivary biomarkers levels like cytokines could certainly be applied as an alternate to separate periodontal healthy from periodontitis subjects. Objective: Aim of the study is to evaluate the salivary (TNF-α and IL-6) in control participants and chronic periodontitis then further identify with clinical parameter levels such as the plaque index (PI), the gingival index (GI),the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and the probing pocket depth (PPD). Subjects and methods: In present study (75) patients with the age ranging from (36-65) years were registered. The sample was categorized into two main categories (25) of them were healthy (control) and other (50) have chronic periodontitis (CP). All of the attendants from the department of Periodontics of al-Shaheed Nasser al-Mosawi Specialist center in Al-Najaf city. All individuals that participate in this study were healthy and not receiving any periodontal treatment or antibiotic or anti-inflammatory remedies in the past three months prior to research. Clinical Parameters of Periodontal include Gingival Index (GI), Plaque index (PLI) , the clinical attachment level (CAL) and the probing Pocket depth(PPD). Samples of the participants' saliva were used to assess levels of the IL-6 and TNF-α by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There were highly significant differences among subjects suffering from periodontitis when compared to the control measured with periodontal criteria and parameters, like;(indices of plaque, Gingiva, in addition to measurement for the depth of pocket (PPD) with attachment loss (L.A)( p-value ≤0.001). The concentration of salivary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were highly significant for chronic periodontitis group (10.15± 3.03)(13.04±18.04), than control group (3.25±1.92) (2.32±3.72) respectively. In addition, the mean of periodontal pocket depth (3.84 ±0.19) and clinical attachment loss (2.65±0.21), were highly significant for group of chronic periodontitis when compared to the control. Conclusion: Salivary interleukin-6, with TNF-α were highly in patients with periodontitis in comparison to the control, which could be explained, as indicator might clarified the idea about the advance periodontitis.