Salivary IL-6 and TNF- α in patients with periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a (chronic) bacterial infection represented by connective tissue breakdown persistently, inflammation and destruction of alveolar bone interfered by pro-inflammatory mediators. As a diagnostic non-invasive fluid; saliva could be used in diagnosis of systemic and oral diseases. The salivary biomarkers levels like cytokines could certainly be applied as an alternate to separate periodontal healthy from periodontitis subjects. Objective: Aim of the study is to evaluate the salivary (TNF-α and IL-6) in control participants and chronic periodontitis then further identify with clinical parameter levels such as the plaque index (PI), the gingival index (GI),the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and the probing pocket depth (PPD). Subjects and methods: In present study (75) patients with the age ranging from (36-65) years were registered. The sample was categorized into two main categories (25) of them were healthy (control) and other (50) have chronic periodontitis (CP). All of the attendants from the department of Periodontics of al-Shaheed Nasser al-Mosawi Specialist center in Al-Najaf city. All individuals that participate in this study were healthy and not receiving any periodontal treatment or antibiotic or anti-inflammatory remedies in the past three months prior to research. Clinical Parameters of Periodontal include Gingival Index (GI), Plaque index (PLI) , the clinical attachment level (CAL) and the probing Pocket depth(PPD). Samples of the participants' saliva were used to assess levels of the IL-6 and TNF-α by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There were highly significant differences among subjects suffering from periodontitis when compared to the control measured with periodontal criteria and parameters, like;(indices of plaque, Gingiva, in addition to measurement for the depth of pocket (PPD) with attachment loss (L.A)( p-value ≤0.001). The concentration of salivary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were highly significant for chronic periodontitis group (10.15± 3.03)(13.04±18.04), than control group (3.25±1.92) (2.32±3.72) respectively. In addition, the mean of periodontal pocket depth (3.84 ±0.19) and clinical attachment loss (2.65±0.21), were highly significant for group of chronic periodontitis when compared to the control. Conclusion: Salivary interleukin-6, with TNF-α were highly in patients with periodontitis in comparison to the control, which could be explained, as indicator might clarified the idea about the advance periodontitis.

Periodontal Disease: A Predictive Profile

“…Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingival tissues induced by localized irritation of a substance created by plaque (microbial) deposition on the tooth surface, with no obvious lack of contact with connective tissue or bone [3]. If left untreated, Gingivitis can progress to apical inflammation and periodontitis, a more serious form of the illness [4]. Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection of the gingiva that results in the loss of attachment to the jaw bone and tooth [5].…”