A simple and novel route is developed for fabricating BP-based composite materials to improve the thermo-stability, flame retardant performances, and mechanical performances of polymers. Black phosphorene (BP) has outstanding flame retardant properties, however, it causes the mechanical degradation of waterborne polyurethane (WPU). In order to solve this problem, the graphene is introduced to fabricate the black phosphorene/graphene (BP/G) composite material by high-pressure nano-homogenizer machine (HNHM). The structure, thermo-stability, flame retardant properties, and mechanical performance of composites are analyzed by a series of tests. The structure characterization results show that the BP/G composite material can distribute uniformly into the WPU. The addition of BP/G significantly improves the residues of WPU in both of TG analysis (5.64%) and cone calorimeter (CC) test (12.50%), which indicate that the BP/G can effectively restrict the degradation of WPU under high temperature. The CC test indicates that BP/G/WPU has a lower peak release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), which decrease by 48.18% and 38.63%, respectively, than that of the pure WPU, respectively. The mechanical analysis presents that the Young’s modulus of the BP/G/WPU has an increase of seven times more than that of the BP/WPU, which indicates that the introduce of graphene can effectively improve the mechanical properties of BP/WPU.

BackgroundHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute enterovirus-induced disease. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been identified as a factor that plays an important role in enteral virus infection, but the gut microbiota profile in hand, foot and mouth disease has rarely been studied in a large population.MethodsA total of 749 children (HFMD: n = 262, healthy control: n = 487) aged 2 to 7 years were recruited from hospitals and communities in the period from May to July, 2017. Clinical and demographical information was collected by trained personnel, and fecal samples were collected and processed for 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) gene sequencing.ResultsWe observed a significant alteration in the microbiota profile of children with HFMD compared with that of control children. Patients with enteroviruses A71(EV71) positive had more dysbiotic gut microbiota than those with coxsackievirus A16 (CAV16) positive. We found that Prevotella and Streptococcus were enriched in children with HFMD, whereas beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium, were depleted. Children with synbiotics supplements had lower risk of HFMD and we observed that the gut microbiota of HFMD patients who were administered synbiotics exhibited potential resistance to the dysbiosis detected in HFMD.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the gut microbiota of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease exhibits dysbiosis and that synbiotics supplements potentially helps maintain the homeostasis of the gut flora.

Objective The objective of this study was to measure the anatomical distance from the cervicovaginal junction to the uterovesical peritoneal reflection (CJ-PR). Methods A total of 120 hysterectomy patients were selected as study subjects. The uterus was removed, and the CJ-PR distance was immediately measured. For total vaginal hysterectomy, measurement was performed intraoperatively. The cervical length was also measured postoperatively. Results The median (interquartile) CJ-PR distance for all subjects was 3.3 (2.9–3.7) cm. Comparison of premenopausal and postmenopausal women without prolapse revealed median CJ-PR distances of 3.3 (3.0–3.6) cm and 3.0 (2.6–3.4) cm, respectively. The CJ-PR distance was longer in women with prolapse (4.6 [3.7–5.6] cm) than in those without prolapse (3.2 [2.8–3.6] cm). The median cervical lengths were 3.1 (2.7–3.6) cm for postmenopausal patients without prolapse and 4.4 (3.6–5.8) cm for postmenopausal patients with prolapse. Conclusions Knowledge of the CJ-PR distance may help gynecologists predict how far the uterovesical PR is from the anterior vaginal incision.