Background: Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare disease, still present in endemic areas. The significance of breast TB is due to its rare occurrence and its resemblance to malignant breast lesions. The objective of this study was to study various clinical presentations and imaging features of different forms of tuberculous mastitis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a 10-year period. Thirty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with tuberculous mastitis were included. Results: There was only one male patient in this series. The patients ranged in age from 25 to 60 years (mean age was 33.69 years). A solitary breast mass was the most common clinical presentation, which was associated with inflammatory findings in the majority of cases. The most common mammographic finding was diffusely increased density and the most common pathological finding was solitary mass. The most common appearance on ultrasound was of multiple intercommunicating breast masses with axillary lymphadenopathy. Conclusions: Breast TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis in the presence of a painful breast mass, discharging sinuses, mastitis, or a breast abscess that does not respond to conventional medical treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is required to aid timely diagnosis and to provide appropriate management and treatment in order to avoid complications.
Introduction: A hydatid cyst of the breast is an extremely rare condition caused by Echinococcus granulosus, even in endemic countries, which accounts for 0.27% of all cases. Only a few reports have been published in the literature about breast hydatid cysts. Patients usually present with a palpable and painless lump in the breast. Clinically, it is difficult to differentiate breast hydatid cysts from more common breast lesions. However, imaging plays an important role, and often helps to distinguish this rare cystic disease of the breast from other breast masses. Case Presentation: Iran is an endemic area for Echinococcus granulosus, and we present six cases of primary breast hydatid cysts which were diagnosed over the course of 10 years in our institution. We aimed to present the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings for these patients. Conclusions: Hydatid cysts should be considered in the diagnosis of cystic lesions of the breast, particularly in endemic areas.
Background & Objective: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of abdominal emergency surgery. Experienced investigators will have an accuracy of more than 90% to diagnose the acute appendicitis. Sonography may diagnose many diseases which have similar clinical symptoms to the acute appendicitis. Materials and Methods: In a prospective descriptive study, we reviewed the sonographic findings of 230 patients who were suspected to have acute appendicitis. The patients with typical clinical and laboratory sign were excluded from the study. The diagnostic accuracy of sonography was evaluated in detection of diseases with similar clinical symptoms among the patients. Results: In the present study, seventy-two (31%) cases had abdominal or pelvic pain of unknown origin and they were ultimately dismissed without any specific diagnosis. Acute appendicitis was approved in 78 out of 158 patients after the surgery and appendectomy and sonographic results in 70 cases (89.7%) was positive integer. In sixty out of 80 (82.5%) patients without risk of acute appendicitis, ultrasound accurately diagnosed that the acute gynecological diseases were the most common pathological cause of diseases. The urinary tract diseases and gastrointestinal diseases were other cases. Conclusion: Sonography is a valuable modality to establish the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis, which is recommended for evaluation of patients with equivocal clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and negative ultrasonographic results, assessment of other abdominal organs and pelvic cavity by ultrasound can be a valuable diagnostic complementary procedure.
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