No abstract

Context: Diabetes mellitus is a group of syndromes characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and an increased risk of complications from vascular diseases. Filicum decipiens Wight & Arn., (Sapindaceae) and Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., (Rhamnaceae) are traditionally used for diabetic and other different folk medical uses. Objective: The present study compares the antihperglycemic activity exerted by methanolic extracts of Filicum decipiens (400 mg/kg), Ventilago madraspatana (400 mg/kg), rutin (100 mg/kg), quercetin (50 mg/kg) and combined treatment of rutin with quercetin (100 mg/kg+ (50 mg/kg) on diabetic rats. Material and methods: Methanolic extracts of Filicum decipiens and Ventilago madraspatana leaves were prepared and isolated by soxhlet and solubilization method. Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg i.p.). The animals with fasting blood glucose level more than 250 mg/dL were given methanolic leaves extract of Filicum decipiens (400 mg/kg), Ventilago madraspatana (400 mg/kg), quercetin (50 mg/kg), rutin (100 mg/kg) and rutin with quercetin (100 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg) were administered for 45 days and screened for antidiabetic activity. Results and discussion: After 45 days we observed that supplementation with combined dose of rutin and quercetin significantly (p<0.05) decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1 C) (6.01 mg/g ) and increased the levels of plasma insulin 11.98 μU/mL, hemoglobin 12.12 g/dL, urea 42.16 mg/dL, creatinine 1.41 mg/dL, plasma sodium141.00 mEq/L and urinary potassium 5.11 mEq/L and decrease the activities of enzymatic antioxidant upon STZ treatment and also significantly (p<0.05) reversed the altered levels and activities of above mentioned diabetic, renal and antioxidant markers in experimental rats as compared to their individual supplementation. Conclusion: Summed effect of quercetin with rutin seems to have a promising value for the development of a potent phytomedicine for diabetic nephropathy.

The objective of this work was formulation and in-vitro evaluation of novel buccal mucoadhesive tablets of felodipine as core in cup to release and permeate the drug unidirectionally towards the buccal mucosa and to enter directly in to systemic circulation. The carbopol, sodium alginate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, guar gum and HMPC were used in the development of buccal cups in various proportions. Core tablet of drug was prepared by direct compression method. Mucoadhesive properties of mucoadhesive cups includes shear strength, tensile strength and peel strength were measured on freshly collected porcine buccal mucosa as substrate. Force of Adhesion (N) in shear strength, peel strength and tensile strength results for the adhesive cups composed of carbopol and HPMC (3:1) were 0.0398, 0.0384 and 0.0394 respectively. The novel tablets were evaluated in terms of content uniformity, weight variation, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability, swelling index, surface pH, mucoadhesion strength and time and in vitro release. The adhesive cups had residence time above 5 h were selected for further placing of core tablet. In the final tablet formulations FBT3 which composed of carbopol and HPMC in the ratio of 3:1 and in core 20 mg of carbopol showed the satisfactory results of in-vitro studies. The permeability coefficient (kp) value for MC9 (3 parts of carbopol: 1 part of HPMC) was 0.055 cm/h and diffusion coefficient was 6.48 cm 2 /h. The maximum % of drug (99.9 %) was permeated in 6 h study from FBT3 formulation. Cumulative % drug release from backing layer was also estimated and it observed that the drug releasing from back layer was not considerable (3.42 % for FBT3). Hence the results of this study signifying that the developed dosage form was a suitable alternative for delivery of felodipine in to blood circulation.