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Este trabajo fue recibido el 07 de julio de 2018. Aceptado con modificaciones: 03 de enero de 2019.Aceptado para ser publicado: 15 de abril de 2019.RESUMEN Sólo un 30% de los hogares en México, presentan seguridad alimentaria, es decir, un gran porcentaje de los hogares y por ende de la población no satisfacen las necesidades básicas diarias de macro y micronutrimentos. Los quelites, que se definen como plantas silvestres comestibles (hojas, tallos y flores) son una fuente accesible, continua, económica y adecuada de nutrimentos. Sin embargo, su consumo ha disminuido por modificaciones en las preferencias alimentarias, derivadas de los cambios en estilos de vida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue valorizar a los quelites como fuente de alimento. Los quelites, aportan proteínas, aminoácidos, minerales (Ca, Mg, Zn), vitaminas (E, C) y fibra. Además, son una excelente fuente de compuestos bioactivos, como ácidos fenólicos (ácido cafeico, ferúlico) y flavonoides (quercetina, kaempferol, espinacetina), carotenoides, ácido α-linolénico y betalainas, que presentan elevada actividad antioxidante. Su consumo habitual se ha relacionado con beneficios a la salud, tales como efectos antitumorales, antihiperlipidémicos y antidiabéticos. Los quelites, además de estar disponibles en forma silvestre, forman parte de las tradiciones culinarias de México, incorporados de forma cruda y cocida en los platillos regionales. Por lo tanto, la revalorización y reincorporación de los quelites en la dieta, puede coadyuvar a cubrir las necesidades nutrimentales, en poblaciones con poco acceso o inseguridad alimentaria, además de contribuir a proporcionar efectos adicionales a través de sus compuestos bioactivos. ABSTRACTOnly 30% of households in Mexico present food security, which means a large percentage of households and the population does not meet their needs in terms of macro and micronutrients. Thus, quelites, which are defined as wild edible plants, are an accessible, continuous, economical and adequate source of nutrients. However, quelite consumption in Mexico has been decreasing in response to changes in food preferences and lifestyles, including Importancia nutricional y actividad biológica de los compuestos bioactivos de quelites consumidos en México

Plant biodiversity provides a natural source of several compounds with biological activity, such as antioxidant and antifungal properties; such effects are related with the concentrations of phenols and flavonoids and different organs of the plants. In this research, aqueous (W) and 70% ethanol (Et70) extracts from flowers (F), leaves (L), stems (S) and roots (R) of Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Rob. & Brettell were used to test antioxidant and antifungal activities and also the total concentration of phenols and flavonoids were analyzed; and types of phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined for each plant organ extract by HPLC. The Et70 enhance the extraction process of phenols and flavonoids, also showed higher antifungal and antioxidant activities. The obtained extract of the Et70 × F interaction showed the higher concentration of total phenols (57.90 mg GAE), flavonoids (91.03 mg QE) and antioxidant activity (285.07 Μm Trolox) per gram of dry extract. In addition, this extract shows an antifungal inhibition interval of 66.17% (Fusarium oxysporum) to 92.89% (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). The phenol ferulic acid (35.57 mg g -1 ) and the flavonoid naringenina (206.60 mg g -1 ) were the compounds with the highest values founded in Et70-R, both of them compounds had been tested against fungal pathogens. Data indicate that antifungal and antioxidant activities are in function of phenolic acids and flavonoids concentration, as well as solvent used to extraction. Therefore, B. salicifolius species growing on wild form have the ability of accumulate several compounds with biological activity.

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Los frutos de Opuntia spp. (xoconostle) son ampliamente consumidos en varias regiones de México, lo que denota su aceptabilidad gastronómica y accesibilidad, por sabor y bajos costos de adquisición. Sin embargo, su calidad nutrimental, y compuestos bioactivos puede cambiar de acuerdo al estado de madurez, condiciones agroclimáticas y variabilidad genética. genética. Es por ello, que el objetivo de esta investigación fué presentar los datos más recientes del xoconostle Ulapa, cultivado en la región de Ulapa de Melchor Ocampo, Hidalgo, México. Se realizó la evaluación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas como, color, sólidos solubles totales (SST), pH y acidez titulable (AT). Se evaluó el contenido de fenoles totales y flavonoides; adicionalmente se determinó betalaínas totales. Los resultados mostraron un alto contenido de betalaínas y flavonoides en comparación con otras especies previamente estudiadas en México. Las concentraciones de estos fitoquímicos presentes en el xoconostle, lo convierten en una fuente permanente y alternativa de compuestos bioactivos.

Quelites are Mexican wild plants, reported as excellent sources of nutritional compounds such as amino acids (serine, glycine, and cysteine), minerals (Mg, Fe, and Zn), and phytochemicals, as phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid) and flavonoids (phloridzin and naringenin); on the other hand, high biological activity has been shown in these compounds. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of a supplementation with two endemic quelites of Mexico (Chenopodium berlandieri L. and Portulaca Oleracea L.); in addition to supplementation, a nutritional intervention was performed; the biomarkers of hemoglobin (Hb), urinary malondialdehyde (UMDA), and urinary arsenic (UAs) were measured in adolescents exposed to arsenic. A clinical intervention study was conducted in 27 adolescents ages 11 to 12 years for 4 weeks. Weekly anthropometric and dietary evaluations were carried out, as well as the concentration of Hb; the UMDA and UAs were performed by plate-based colorimetric measurement and atomic absorption spectrophotometry with the hydrides generation system, respectively. The results showed that UMDA concentrations had a significant improvement in the supplemented group (SG) vs. control group (CG) (SG = 1.59 ± 0.89 µM/g creatinine vs. CG = 2.90 ± 0.56 µM/g creatinine) in the second week of intervention; on the other hand, the supplemented group showed an increase in Hb levels (15.12 ± 0.99 g/dL) in the same week; finally after the second week, an increase in UAs levels was observed significantly compared to the baseline value (Baseline: 56.85; Week 2: 2.02 µg/g creatinine). Therefore, the results show that the mixture of quelites (a rich source of phytochemicals and nutrients) improved hemoglobin and UMDA levels, and urinary arsenic excretion from the second week in the exposed population.

Phenolic compounds have a positive effect on obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. The prevalence of these diseases has increased in the last years in the Mexican population. Therefore, the Mexican diet must be assessed as provider of phenolic compounds. To assess this, a survey of phenolic compound intake was validated and applicated to 973 adults (798 females) between 18 and 79 years old. We compared the phenolic compound intake of 324 participants with more diseases (239 females) and 649 participants with healthier condition (559 females). The groups differed in sex, age, and scholarship. Males, older participants, and those with lower schooling reported suffering from more diseases. Regarding phenolic compound intake analyses, the participants with healthier conditions displayed a higher phenolic compound intake than the other group in all foods assessed. In addition, the regression model showed that the phenolic compounds intake of Mexican dishes, such as arroz con frijol or enchiladas, positively affected health status, suggesting that this traditional food is beneficial for the participant’s health condition. However, the weight effect of PCI was different for each disease. We conclude that, although PCI of Mexican food positively affects health conditions, this effect depends on sex, age, and participants’ diseases.