Phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties and antifungal activity of jarilla (Barkleyanthus salicifolius ENT#91;KunthENT#93; H. Rob & Brettell)

Abstract

Plant biodiversity provides a natural source of several compounds with biological activity, such as antioxidant and antifungal properties; such effects are related with the concentrations of phenols and flavonoids and different organs of the plants. In this research, aqueous (W) and 70% ethanol (Et70) extracts from flowers (F), leaves (L), stems (S) and roots (R) of Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Rob. & Brettell were used to test antioxidant and antifungal activities and also the total concentration of phenols and flavonoids were analyzed; and types of phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined for each plant organ extract by HPLC. The Et70 enhance the extraction process of phenols and flavonoids, also showed higher antifungal and antioxidant activities. The obtained extract of the Et70 × F interaction showed the higher concentration of total phenols (57.90 mg GAE), flavonoids (91.03 mg QE) and antioxidant activity (285.07 Μm Trolox) per gram of dry extract. In addition, this extract shows an antifungal inhibition interval of 66.17% (Fusarium oxysporum) to 92.89% (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). The phenol ferulic acid (35.57 mg g -1 ) and the flavonoid naringenina (206.60 mg g -1 ) were the compounds with the highest values founded in Et70-R, both of them compounds had been tested against fungal pathogens. Data indicate that antifungal and antioxidant activities are in function of phenolic acids and flavonoids concentration, as well as solvent used to extraction. Therefore, B. salicifolius species growing on wild form have the ability of accumulate several compounds with biological activity.

Characterization of grape marc hydrolysates and their antifungal effect against phytopathogenic fungi of agricultural importance

“…These phenolic acids probably caused damages to the mycelial structure of F. oxysporum, as previously mentioned, and reduced its growth. Other studies have highlighted that phytopathogen inhibition mechanisms vary depending on phenolic compounds and the fungi tested (Nechita et al, 2019;Joaquín-Ramos et al, 2020). In this study, a different trend was observed for Alternaria spp.…”

“…Plants produce a huge variety of secondary metabolites that serve to protect them against plant pathogens. In this sense, a high inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum has been reported using plant extracts or formulations based on those extracts (Abd-Elsalam and Khokhlov, 2015;Joaquín-Ramos et al, 2020). Moreover, the potential antifungal activity of different natural formulations to control Alternaria spp.…”

Profiling of Antifungal Activities and In Silico Studies of Natural Polyphenols from Some Plants

“…Other detected polyphenols such as vanillic acid, ferulic acid, catechin, and caffeic acid also have antifungal properties [ 45 ] but they might use an antifungal mechanism other than inhibiting these two fungal enzymes tested in the present study.…”

Characterization of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ pomace extracts and evaluation of antifungal potential of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp.

“…Other research has shown that the mechanisms of inhibition of phytopathogens vary depending on the fungus tested, but also depending on the phenolic compounds present in the tested extracts. Thus, the phenolic extract obtained from a mixture of varieties such as 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Carmènere' and 'Syrah', subsequently fractionated with hexane, chloroform or ethyl acetate, tested against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, has a strong fungicidal effect (Joaquín-Ramos et al, 2020).…”