Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are considered to have the potential to increase the tolerance of host plants to water-defi cit stress. Th is is due to their apparent role in water and nutrient uptake and transfer to their host plants. To evaluate the eff ects of mycorrhizal fungi species and water-defi cit stress on mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata] plants, a 2-yr split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in the fi eld in 2009 and 2010. Treatments were the application of various irrigation levels (irrigation aft er 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm of evaporation from a Class A pan as the main plot) and inoculation with two mycorrhizal fungal species (Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, and uninoculated plants as subplots). Our results from 2 yr of experiment indicates that the highest (1833.51 and 479.15 kg ha -1 ) and lowest (1139.56 and 333.99 kg ha -1 ) seed and protein yield were obtained from plants irrigated aft er 50 and 200 mm of evaporation, respectively; however, the maximum (0.60 kg m -3 ) and minimum (0.32 kg m -3 ) ecosystem water use effi ciency was observed in plants irrigated aft er 200 and 50 mm of evaporation, respectively. Seed yield, biological yield, leaf P, leaf N, protein percentage, protein yield, harvest index of protein, and ecosystem water use effi ciency were improved in mycorrhizal plants compared with the non-mycorrhizal plants. Our results suggest that both G. mosseae and G. intraradices signifi cantly improved the yield (seed and protein) and reduced the water-defi cit stress in mung bean plants in the fi eld.
Abstract:To investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on reduction of drought stress on related grain yield and yield components of mungbean plants, a pot culture was conducted based on Randomized Completely Design with three replications in Urmia University in 2009. The experiment with four irrigation regimes (25, 50, 75 and 100 mm of evaporation from a class A pan) were assigned at the first factor and two mycorrhiza species; Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and a non-inoculated treatment at the second factor. Results showed that in both mycorrhizae species significantly (P<0.05) increased the grain yield, so Glomus intraradices (4.29 g/plant) and Glomus mosseae (4.31 g/plant) had the highest grain yield. Non inoculated treatment had the lowest (2.64 g/plant) grain yield. The maximum (5.14 g/plant) and minimum (1.97 g/plant) grain yield achieved in irrigation after 25 and 100 mm evaporation from pan, respectively. With increasing water deficit stress decreased relative water content, pod length, seeds/pod, pods/plant and seeds/plant. Mycorrhizae colonization (r=0.72**), relative water content (r = 0.76**), pod length (r = 0.90**), seeds/pod (r = 0.74**), pods/plant (r = 0.71**) and Seeds/plant (r = 0.86**) had the positive correlation coefficients with grain yield. Also, results showed that mycorrhizae species affected grain yield of mungbean plants through their effect on pod length, seeds/pod, pods/plant and seeds/plant under well-watered and drought stress conditions.
In this study we determined some morpho-physiological characteristics of mung bean plants under various irrigation regimes (irrigation after 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm evaporation from pan class A) and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices). The highest and lowest seed yield was obtained from plants irrigated after 50 and 200 mm evaporation from pan, respectively. Root dry weight, root volume, leaf phosphorus and relative water content were decreased in plants under water deficit stress. Whereas, under various level of severe water deficit the proline content, total soluble carbohydrates and leaf nitrogen were increased.Mycorrhizal colonization was observed to be higher in well-watered plants rather than in stressed Downloaded by [FU Berlin] at 02:33 04 July 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2plants. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal plants produced a higher seed yield (161 g/m 2 ), leaf phosphorus, leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll index, proline, total soluble carbohydrates content, relative water content, root length, root volume, root dry weight and root/shoot weight ratio as compared with non-mycorrhizal plants.
To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus levels on root traits of cucumber plants, a factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized completely design pot culture. Four phosphorus fertilization treatments, including 2, 5, 10 and 15 mg P kg-1 soil possessed phosphorus fertilization levels as the first factor. At the second factor arranged Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices of mycorrhiza species and non-inoculum as a control with three replications were conducted in the greenhouse of agricultural research center of west Azarbaijan province Urmia, in 2013. Results show that above-ground dry matter of inoculated cucumber at both species with 155.00 and 160.83 mg/plant had the highest values. Both species had more root fresh and dry weight, root length and root volume than control. Colonization of G. mosseae and G. intraradices, with 53.20 and 44.59% had the highest values at the 2 mg P kg-1 soil. G. mosseae and G. intraradices had the highest leaf phosphorus with 486.06 and 477.60 mg/100 g of leaf dry weight at the 15 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. Leaf phosphorus (r = 0.62**), root dry weight (r = 0.79**), root length (r=0.44**), root volume (r = 0.82**) and fresh root weight (r = 0.74**) had positive correlation coefficients with above-ground dry matter. Although application of phosphorus increased above-ground dry matter and root traits, but our study clearly demonstrates that mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in the enhancement of growth of cucumber plants under very low phosphorus conditions.
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