Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Seed and Protein Yield under Water‐Deficit Stress in Mung Bean

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are considered to have the potential to increase the tolerance of host plants to water-defi cit stress. Th is is due to their apparent role in water and nutrient uptake and transfer to their host plants. To evaluate the eff ects of mycorrhizal fungi species and water-defi cit stress on mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata] plants, a 2-yr split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in the fi eld in 2009 and 2010. Treatments were the application of various irrigation levels (irrigation aft er 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm of evaporation from a Class A pan as the main plot) and inoculation with two mycorrhizal fungal species (Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, and uninoculated plants as subplots). Our results from 2 yr of experiment indicates that the highest (1833.51 and 479.15 kg ha -1 ) and lowest (1139.56 and 333.99 kg ha -1 ) seed and protein yield were obtained from plants irrigated aft er 50 and 200 mm of evaporation, respectively; however, the maximum (0.60 kg m -3 ) and minimum (0.32 kg m -3 ) ecosystem water use effi ciency was observed in plants irrigated aft er 200 and 50 mm of evaporation, respectively. Seed yield, biological yield, leaf P, leaf N, protein percentage, protein yield, harvest index of protein, and ecosystem water use effi ciency were improved in mycorrhizal plants compared with the non-mycorrhizal plants. Our results suggest that both G. mosseae and G. intraradices signifi cantly improved the yield (seed and protein) and reduced the water-defi cit stress in mung bean plants in the fi eld.

Increased Tolerance of Citrus (<i>Citrus tangerina</i>) Seedlings to Soil Water Deficit after Mycorrhizal Inoculation: Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Defense System

“…Under soil water deficit AM symbiosis generally confers better growth performance, greater photosynthetic efficiency, and higher antioxidant system defense systems of host plants, including bean, wheat, and rice plants (Habibzadeh et al, 2013;Moucheshi et al, 2012;RuizSánchez et al, 2010). Our study also indicated that the AMF inoculations presented higher activities of tissue SOD, POD, and CAT during SWD, in company with lower levels of H 2 O 2 and O 2…”

Alleviation of Drought Stress in White Clover after Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

“…This result accorded with the finding of Zhao et al (2015). The positive effect of AMF on growth performance of the host plant is likely due to the improvement in P nutrition and water by extraradical hyphae (Habibzadeh et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2013). In addition, P. occultum-inoculation performed relatively greater effects on stimulating biomass production than F. mosseae-inoculation, especially under WW, which is associated with the compatibility between AMF and host plants.…”

Use of Some Bacteria and Mycorrhizae as Biofertilizers in Vegetable Growing and Beneficial Effects in Salinity and Drought Stress Conditions

“…Compared to non-mycorrhizae plants, the bigger antioxidant enzyme activity in plants inoculated with AMF was related with the lower lipid peroxidation accumulation, which indicates lower oxidative harm in the mycorrhized plants. In a similar manner, Habibzadeh et al [119] reported that enhancement in tolerance to saline stress ("Behta" and "Piazar") of the tomato inoculated with R. intraradices was associated with a higher P, K, and Ca intake and with lower Na toxicity. The net photosynthesis enhanced mycorrhization through increasing stomatal conductance and protecting PSII [120].…”