Viticulture has a very wide application area in the world, which is great importance economically and in terms of human diet. The grapevine is evaluated in many areas, both grapes and leaves contain valuable compounds such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, organic acids, fats, proteins etc.. It has become inevitable that sustainable production techniques, the use of new integrated techniques, and sufficient sensitivity to protect human and environmental health have to be applied for viticulture which is of great importance in terms of human diet. Sustainable viticulture includes human and environment friendly production systems. It is seen that biostimulants, in other words bioactivators, are used within the scope of scientific researches and in viticulture applications in sustainable viticulture in the world. Containing organic or inorganic compounds, microorganisms; biostimulants are applicable to leaves, soil or seeds; positively affect plant growth, yield, nutrition, and product quality. It has been determined by various studies that biostimulants increase the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress conditions and also regulates the soil structure. Biostimulants have been classified by some researchers as humic substances, amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds, seaweed and plant extracts, chitin and chitosan-like polymers, inorganic compounds, beneficial fungi and beneficial bacteria, waste, exudates and extracts of seeds, leaves and roots. Biostimulants have an important place within the scope of sustainable viticulture in areas such as protection of natural resources, especially soil and water, combating erosion and forest fires, ensuring biological diversity, and integrated pest management. The need to increase soil and plant productivity, to create ecological balance, and most importantly to protect the health of humans and other living things, is better seen each day. This need for a sustainable life and healthy continuity of future generations leads scientists and producers to friendly applications such as biostimulants.
Intensive pesticide use in vineyard resulted in residue problem on vine leaves that are used as food. This study was aimed at development of a proper chemical control program to reduce the pesticide residue problem on vine (cv. Narince) leaves in vineyards during the growing period. The residues of some fungicides were determined according to spraying time in the fresh (unprocessed) and preserved (brined) leaves. Additionally, the effects of preservation process on degradation of the fungucides residues were investigated. In this study three fungicides (Azoxystrobin, Triadimenol, Hexaconazole) were applied alternately for both powdery mildew and “Colomerus vitis” management, and two fungucides (Copper oxychloride, Metalaxyl + Mancozeb) for downy mildew control. Additionaly vine leaves were harvested at two different times: (i) before the half-life of the pesticides were reached and (ii) after the half-life of the pesticides have elapsed. Two different methods were applied to preserve the vine leaves. In first treatment, leaf samples were boiled in hot (98±2°C) tap water, then leaves were placed into jars, then filled with brine containing 8.0% salt + 0.25% lactic acid. In second treatment, vine leaves were placed into jars, then filled with tap water and brine containing 8.0% salt+0.25% lactic acid. The residue levels of the fungicides were determined on leaves. Detectable copper and the other fungucide residues are compared according to Turkish Food Codex. Preserving applications were decreased fungicide and copper residue levels and hot water brining was decreased the levels of fungicide residues between 75.2% and 99.2%, according to the applications. As a result, systemic fungicides should not be used in vineyards in where pickled vine leaves are produced. It is proposed that better to use contact fungicides instead of systemic one and also viticulturists should be careful using the effective contact fungicides.
Due to various health problems, the students who cannot attend schools are educated at home but there are not enough studies available on this subject. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate perceptions of the students who are ducated at hopme due to the their chronic sickness and their families about their home education processes. The qualitative research method was implemented as a case study including semi-structured interview technique. The research group of the study was home-educated students (n= 46) and their families (n = 46). After the data collection process was completed, the data were evaluated using descriptive analysis by stating as frequencies and percentages. 78,2% of the parents in the research group expressed that their children benefited from home education services, as they were located in a safe environment. All of the parents were found to be concerned that their social development was insufficient. 89,1% of them were generally satisfied with home education practices. 78,2% of the families stated that teachers should have been available from all subjects, 63% of them said that the educational materials were inadequate, and 60% of them pointed out that the course books used within education should have been more visual and enjoyable. 86.9% of these children stated that after the home education practice, there was a decrease in some their symptoms such as anger, depression, frustration and insomnia.
This study was carried out the grape producers representing some villages of Şirvan, Tillo, Pervari, and Central town of Siirt Province; With the 37 questions directed within the scope of the survey, the current situation and problems of the region in viticulture applications were determined in 2019. The data were obtained by surveying 100 producers. Within the scope of the study, producers were asked questions in order to determine the structural properties of current viticulture enterprises and their approaches to agricultural practices; the ** Bu çalışma ISPEC (2019) Uluslararası Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi'nde, sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuş, kongre özet kitabında, özet şeklinde yer almıştır.
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