The nanomaterials have been widely used in various fields, such as photonics, catalysis, and adsorption, because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore, their production methods are of utmost importance. Compared with traditional synthetic methods, the template method can effectively control the morphology, particle size, and structure during the preparation of nanomaterials, which is an effective method for their synthesis. The key for the template method is to choose different templates, which are divided into hard template and soft template according to their different structures. In this paper, the effects of different types of templates on the morphology of nanomaterials during their preparation are investigated from two aspects: hard template and soft template, combined with the mechanism of action.

26 expanded the application regimes of optical fibre 1-12 . The emergence of graphene excites new 27 opportunities by combining with PCF, allowing for electrical tunability, broadband optical 28 response and all-fibre integration ability 13-18 . However, the previous demonstrations are typically 29 limited to the sample level of micron size, far behind the requirement of real applications for the 30 metre-scale material level. Here, we demonstrate a new hybrid material of graphene photonic 31 crystal fibre (Gr-PCF) with length up to half a metre by chemical vapour deposition method. The 32 Gr-PCF shows strong light-matter interaction with ~8 dB⋅cm -1 attenuation. In addition, the 33 Gr-PCF-based electro-optic modulator demonstrates broadband response (1150 -1600 nm) and 34 large modulation depth (~20 dB⋅cm -1 at 1550 nm) under low gate voltage of ~2 volts. Our results 35 could enable industrial-level graphene applications based on the Gr-PCF, and suggest an infusive 36 platform of two-dimensional material-PCF. 37Graphene is a promising material in photonic and optoelectronic applications due to its superior 38 properties of high carrier mobility, broadband optical response and facile electrical tunability originating 39 from its unique linear dispersion of massless Dirac fermions [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Although the light-matter interaction in 40 graphene normalized by its atomic thickness (0.34 nm) is quite strong, the measurable interaction is in 41 fact quite weak (only ~2.3% light absorption) 29 . To greatly enhance light-graphene interaction, many 42 efforts have been devoted to combine graphene flakes with well-designed optical structures, such as 43 gratings, waveguides and microcavities 30-34 , however, all those hybrid structures have still stayed at 44 sample level of micron size, rather than material level of metre size, which limits their massive 45 applications. Therefore, there exists great demand to develop new methods for massive production on 46 graphene-based optical structures for material-level applications. 47Optical fibre provides the highest-quality optical waveguide for information communication and 48 photon manipulation, and it has been massively manufactured at kilometre length scale. PCF represents 49 the most important advance of optical fibre in the last twenty years and possesses extremely rich 50 functions beyond traditional optical fibre in the exciting applications of endlessly single-mode fibres, 51 supercontinuum lasers, frequency combs, optical soliton propagation, high-power pulse delivery and so 52 on 1-7 . Especially, PCF with ingenious porous structure opens up the hard-won opportunity of filling 53 various materials, ranging from gases, liquids, solids to liquid crystals, to expand its great new 54 3 / 14 functionalities in mode-locked fibre lasers, laser frequency conversion, surface plasmon generation, 55 stimulated Raman scattering and in-fibre thermal-or electro-optic devices 8-15 . The rise of 56 two-dimensional (2D) graphene naturally excites the ...

Flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with ultrahigh shielding effectiveness (SE) are highly desirable for high‐speed electronic devices to attenuate radiated emissions. For hindering interference of their internal or external EMI fields, however, a metallic enclosure suffers from relatively low SE, band‐limited anti‐EMI responses, poor corrosion resistance, and non‐adaptability to the complex geometry of a given circuit. Here, a broadband, strong EMI shielding response fabric is demonstrated based on a highly structured ferromagnetic graphene quartz fiber (FGQF) via a modulation‐doped chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth process. The precise control of the graphitic N‐doping configuration endows graphene coatings on specifically designable quartz fabric weave with both high conductivity (3906 S cm−1) and high magnetic responsiveness (a saturation magnetization of ≈0.14 emu g−1 under 300 K), thus attaining synergistic effect of EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption for broadband anti‐EMI technology. The large‐scale durable FGQF exhibits extraordinary EMI SE of ≈107 dB over a broadband frequency (1–18 GHz), by configuring ≈20 nm‐thick graphene coatings on a millimeter‐thick quartz fabric. This work enables the potential for development of an industrial‐scale, flexible, lightweight, durable, and ultra‐broadband strong shielding material in advanced applications of flexible anti‐electronic reconnaissance, antiradiation, and stealthy technologies.

Alumina is an inorganic material, which is widely used in ceramics, catalysts, catalyst supports, ion exchange and other fields. The micromorphology of alumina determines its application in high tech and value-added industry and its development prospects. This paper gives an overview of the liquid phase synthetic method of alumina preparation, combined with the mechanism of its action. The present work focuses on the effects of various factors such as concentration, temperature, pH, additives, reaction system and methods of calcination on the morphology of alumina during its preparation.

High-quality graphene film grown on dielectric substrates by a direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method promotes the application of high-performance graphene-based devices in large scale. However, due to the noncatalytic feature of insulating substrates, the production of graphene film on them always has a low growth rate and is time-consuming (typically hours to days), which restricts real potential applications. Here, by employing a local-fluorine-supply method, we have pushed the massive fabrication of a graphene film on a wafer-scale insulating substrate to a short time of just 5 min without involving any metal catalyst. The highly enhanced domain growth rate (∼37 nm min −1 ) and the quick nucleation rate (∼1200 nuclei min −1 cm −2 ) both account for this high productivity of graphene film. Further first-principles calculation demonstrates that the released fluorine from the fluoride substrate at high temperature can rapidly react with CH 4 to form a more active carbon feedstock, CH 3 F, and the presence of CH 3 F molecules in the gas phase much lowers the barrier of carbon attachment, providing sufficient carbon feedstock for graphene CVD growth. Our approach presents a potential route to accomplish exceptionally large-scale and high-quality graphene films on insulating substrates, i.e., SiO 2 , SiO 2 /Si, fiber, etc., at low cost for industry-level applications.

Totally water-soluble N-doped Carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized by a green hydrothermal method from biomass using Highland barley as a carbon source and ethanediamine as nitrogen source. TEM and XRD showed the graphitic amorphous structure and narrow diameter distribution of these N-CDs. N-doping to the crystal lattice and carrying many hydrophilic groups on the surface of N-CDs were verified by XPS and FT-IR. The as-synthesized N-CDs emitted strong blue fluorescence at 480 nm and owned a relatively high quantum yield of 14.4%. The product also could sensitively and selectively detect Hg2+ ions in the range of 10–160 μM and the limit of detection was equal to 0.48 μM.

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) provides a real-time monitoring method to evaluate gold nanoparticles' pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.

This work reports on a novel fluorescent sensor 1 for Cd2+ ion based on the fluorophore of tetramethyl substituted bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene]hydrazine (Me4BOPHY), which is modified with an electron donor moiety of N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzenamine. Sensor 1 has absorption and emission in visible region, at 550 nm and 675 nm, respectively. The long wavelength spectral response makes it easier to fabricate the fluorescence detector. The sensor mechanism is based on the tunable internal charge transfer (ICT) transition of molecule 1. Binding of Cd2+ ion quenches the ICT transition, but turns on the π − π transition of the fluorophore, thus enabling ratiometric fluorescence sensing. The limit of detection (LOD) was projected down to 0.77 ppb, which is far below the safety value (3 ppb) set for drinking water by World Health Organization. The sensor also demonstrates a high selectivity towards Cd2+ in comparison to other interferent metal ions.