Smart dynamic regulation structured surfaces, inspired by nature, which can dynamically change their surface topographies under external stimuli for convertible fluidic and optical properties, have recently motivated significant interest for scientific research and industrial applications. However, there is still high demand for the development of multifunctional dynamically transformable surfaces using facile preparation strategies. In this work, a type of Janus high‐aspect‐ratio magnetically responsive microplates array (HAR‐MMA) is readily fabricated by integrating a flexible laser scanning strategy, smart shape‐memory‐polymer‐based soft transfer, and a simple surface treatment. By applying external magnetic field, instantaneous and reversible deformation of Janus HAR‐MMA can be actuated, so surface wettability can be reversibly switched between superhydrophobic (158°) and hydrophilic (40°) states, based on which a novel magnetically responsive water droplet switch can be realized. Moreover, inspired by the biological assimilatory coloration of chameleons, dynamically color conversion can be skillfully realized by applying different colors on each side of the Janus HAR‐MMA. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration in light manipulation, a HAR‐MMA is applied as an optical shutter actuated by external magnetic field with eximious controllability and repeatability. The developed multifunctional HAR‐MMA provides a versatile platform for microfluidic, biomedical, and optical applications.

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), an emerging ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor, has the desirable properties of a large bandgap of 4.6–4.9 eV, an estimated critical breakdown field of 8 MV cm−1, decent electron mobility of 250 cm2 V s−1 and high theoretical Baliga figures of merit (BFOMs) of around 3000. Bolstered by their capability of an economical growth technique for high-quality bulk substrate, β-Ga2O3-based materials and devices have been highly sought after in recent years for power electronics and solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors. This article reviews the most recent advances in β-Ga2O3 power device technologies. It will begins with a summary of the field and underlying semiconductor properties of Ga2O3, followed by a review of the growth methods of high-quality β-Ga2O3 bulk substrates and epitaxial thin films. Then, brief perspectives on the advanced technologies and measurements in terms of ohmic contact and interface state are provided. Furthermore, some state-of-the-art β-Ga2O3 photoelectronic devices, power devices and radiofrequency devices with distinguished performance are fully described and discussed. Some solutions to alleviating challenging issues, including the difficulty in p-type doping, low thermal conductivity and low mobility, are also presented and explored.

natural behavior, many works have been done to realize reconfigurable shape transformation with artificial soft materials in a controlled manner. [8][9][10][11] Heterogeneous structures composited of hydrogel constituents with different swelling/shrinkage ratio [12][13][14][15][16] or anisotropic swelling behavior [17,18] have been constructed to accomplish dynamic tunable morphologies. Large shape deformation is shown in photodeformable crosslinked liquid crystal polymer through the orientation change of liquid crystal molecules, [19][20][21][22] and thus light-driven movable microarchitecture can be obtained. Inflation of elastic polymers constrained by relative stiff materials are applied to realize reconfigurable shape transformation. [23][24][25] These aforementioned shape reconfigurable materials are highly desired for many applications in soft robotics, [23,24] smart textiles, [26] drug delivery, [27] self-shaping devices, [28] and actuators. [22,29] Although nature-inspired artificial dynamic architectures have been widely studied as referred above, so far most of the shape transformation are dependent on the whole material deformation due to the technical challenge to locally induce shape change in a bulk material. Efforts have been taken to achieve dynamic structural behavior such as self-folding through modification of the localized properties of active materials, but these can only be done in macroscale by embedding Architectures of natural organisms especially plants largely determine their response to varying external conditions. Nature-inspired shape transformation of artificial materials has motivated academic research for decades due to wide applications in smart textiles, actuators, soft robotics, and drug delivery. A "self-growth" method of controlling femtosecond laser scanning on the surface of a prestretched shape-memory polymer to realize microscale localized reconfigurable architectures transformation is introduced. It is discovered that microstructures can grow out of the original surface by intentional control of localized laser heating and ablation, and resultant structures can be further tuned by adopting an asymmetric laser scanning strategy. A distinguished paradigm of reconfigurable architectures is demonstrated by combining the flexible and programmable laser technique with a smart shape-memory polymer. Proof-of-concept experiments are performed respectively in information encryption/decryption, and microtarget capturing/ release. The findings reveal new capacities of architectures with smart surfaces in various interdisciplinary fields including anti-counterfeiting, microstructure printing, and ultrasensitive detection.

The shortage of freshwater is threatening sustainable economic development and ecological security worldwide. Janus membrane, as a highly efficient method to collect the invisible fog water in the wet environment, is still hindered by some inherent limitations: (1) poor condensation of fog droplets on the superhydrophobic side due to the ultralow adhesive force of droplets with substrate and (2) insufficient detachment of droplets from the superhydrophilic side in time, which hampers the continuous water transport in the micropores. Herein, inspired by the desert beetle’s back with alternating hydrophobic/hydrophilic bumps and the cactus thorn with an asymmetric geometry, we design and fabricate a kind of hierarchical hydrophilic/hydrophobic/bumpy Janus (HHHBJ) membrane by femtosecond laser ablation on an aluminum membrane to achieve the self-driven fog collection, which achieves over 250% enhancement in the water collection efficiency over the conventional Janus membrane. Even when the mist flow is applied to the surface at an incident angle of 45°, the collection efficiency increases by 600%. The mechanism of the HHHBJ film with excellent fog collection efficiency is mainly related to the continuous efficient fog condensation on the top surface and droplet removal on the bottom surface in time. We believe the proposed multi-bioinspired HHHBJ film with droplet self-driven collection ability provides insights to conceive and construct a highly efficient fog collection system in broad fields.

Colorful and anisotropic multi-functional metal surfaces fabricated by focused laser interference lithography.