ель исследования. Показать возможности многофазовой компьютерной томографии (КТ) в предоперационной диагностике случайно выявленной аневризмы селезеночной вены и в послеоперационной оценке эффективности проведенного лечения. Материалы и методы. Приведены данные литературы и собственное наблюдение редко встречающейся патологии. При традиционной КТ у 44-летней пациентки с минимальной клинической симптоматикой в венозную фазу контрастирования визуализирована мешотчатая аневризма селезеночной вены диаметром 36 мм, деформирующая контур хвоста поджелудочной железы. Пациентке успешно выполнено иссечение аневризмы, дистальное спленоренальное шунтирование. Результаты. Описана КТ-семиотика выявленной патологии, отмечены преимущества и ограничения методов лучевой диагностики аневризм вен портальной системы. Диагноз верифицирован данными морфологического исследования по результатам оперативного вмешательства. Выводы. Многофазовая КТ является быстровыполнимым, доступным и высокоинформативным методом верификации заболевания и послеоперационных изменений селезеночной вены. Ключевые слова: компьютерная томография, селезеночная вена, аневризма.
Objective. To determine the opportunities of low-dose digital fluorography (LDDF) in differential diagnosis of phenotypic variants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Material and methods. There were 107 patients with clinically diagnosed COPD of varying severity examined. The average age of the patients was 51.8±1.5 years (46–59 years). All patients for LDDF of the chest in the frontal projection in the inspiratory and expiratory phase of respiration were undergone.Results. The electron optical density of the lungs was determined in the upper, middle and lower zones of both lungs. As a result in patients with a predominance of emphysematous variant of COPD (n=15) the most characteristic radiological symptom was lung hyperventilation (14% of 107 patients) and inspiratory electron optical density value was 748.18±4.72 optical density units (ODU). In patients with a predominance of bronchitic variant of COPD (n=43) the most common radiological symptom was the presence of symptom amplification and deformation of lung pattern (40% of 107 patients) and inspiratory electron optical density value was 668.04±12.26 ODU. For patients with mixed phenotypic variant of COPD (n=49) it was characterized by a combination of X-ray symptom amplification and deformation of lung pattern with lung emphysema (46% of 107 patients); the average value of inspiratory electron optical density value was 815.24±17.25 ODU.Conclusion. The technique of LDDF can detect X-ray symptoms and determine inspiratory and expiratory electron optical density of the lungs in patients with COPD that allows optimizing the differential diagnosis of phenotypic variants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Цель работы-оценить возможности магнитно-резонансной томографии в диагностике пациентов с синдромом механической желтухи. Магнитно-резонансная томография, включая магнитно-резонансную холангиопанкреатографию, выполнена 112 пациентам с билиарной гипертензией. Злокачественный характер выявлен в 31 (27,6%) случае, преобладал рак головки поджелудочной железы, преимущественно у мужчин. Доброкачественный генез в 74 (66,1%) наблюдениях был зачастую представлен холелитиазом и наиболее распространен у женщин. Ключевые слова: механическая желтуха, магнитно-резонансная холангиопанкреатография, холелитиаз, рак головки поджелудочной железы. The aim за this study was to estimate capabilities of magnetic-resonance imaging in diagnostics of patients with obstructive jaundice syndrome. Magnetic-resonance imaging was made for 112 patients with biliary hypertension. Malignancy was found in 31 (27.6%) cases случае, mostly in men and mostly cancer of the head of the pancreas. Noncancerous genesis in 74 (66.1%) cases was mostly represented by cholelithiasis and most often in women.
Tuberculosis remains one of the most dangerous and socially significant diseases in the world. Diagnostic imaging of pulmonary tuberculosis is being improved every year, new algorithms, technologies and methods are being introduced, what create a positive effect on the detection of tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of tuberculosis remains a challenge. Digital fluorography remains the primary screening method, and computed tomography (CT) is used for more detailed analysis. This should be noted that there is a positive trend towards the application of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), which is invaluable for screening studies. The leading place among radiopaque studies is CT with bolus enhancement, which helps to differentiate tuberculosis with other lung diseases. Such diagnostic methods as single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and diffusion-weighted MRI are used individually as an additional source of information.
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