The application of non-thermal bio-compatible plasma (NBP) for stem cell differentiation is promising in tissue engineering. However, the differentiation efficiency of NBP treatment on various types of human tissue-derived stem cells and the underlying mechanisms is yet understood. This study is the first time to investigate the role of NBP in inducing differentiation and its potential molecular mechanism by using human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) and human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (hPDLSCs). Our results showed that NBP promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs more effectively than hBMSCs under the same treatment condition, indicating a tissue-dependent manner of NBP interacts with stem cells. Furthermore, an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of hPDLSCs and antioxidant enzymes activation was observed after NBP treatment. Particularly, mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs) level was also increased and in consistent with ROS level increase. Taken together, this study revealed that with NBP induction, hPDLSCs is a more suitable stem cell source than hBMSCs for bone regeneration and tissue engineering, and ROS-induced activation of MAPKs are possibly involved in the osteogenic differentiation process. INDEX TERMS Non-thermal bio-compatible plasma, plasma applications, reactive species, stem cell, tissue engineering, osteogenic differentiation.
During the past decade, isopolyoxotungstates (iso‐POTs) and their derivatives have been greatly developed due to their unique structures and potential applications in luminescence, magnetism, catalysis etc. This brief review is principally focused on the main research progress on iso‐POTs, iso‐POT‐based transition‐metal derivatives, iso‐POT‐based rare‐earth derivatives, iso‐POT‐based organometallic derivatives and iso‐POT‐based heterometallic derivatives, and gives a summary of some representative examples of their syntheses, structures and related properties. In addition, an outlook on the future of this area is presented in the final section. We believe that this systematic commentary on iso‐POTs and their derivatives will not only disclose a rich set of iso‐POT structures, but also reveal a more promising direction for the further functionalization of iso‐POTs.
Low-temperature plasma, an engineered technology to generate various reactive species, is actively studied in cancer treatment in recent years, yet mainly by using a traditional 2D cell culture system. In this study, we explored the effect of the plasma-activated medium (PAM) on lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by using a 3D cell culture model. The results showed that PAM markedly inhibited 3D spheroid formation and downregulated stemness-related gene expression. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) penetrated throughout the whole spheroids and induced cell death surrounding and in the core of the tumor spheroid. Besides, PAM treatment suppressed migration and invasion of lung cancer cells and downregulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related gene expression. In the mouse xenograft model, the tumor volume was significantly smaller in the PAM-treated group compared with the control group. By using transcriptome sequencing, we found that PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways were involved in the inhibition effects of PAM on lung cancer cells. Therefore, our results indicated that PAM exhibits potential anticancer effects on lung cancer and provides insight into further exploration of PAM-induced cell death and translational preclinical use.
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