The purpose of the work was to study the histological structure of the greater omentum in the people of second mature and elderly age in normal condition and in peritonitis. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were 40 greater omenta of deceased people (20 males and 20 females) of the second mature and elderly age without pathology in the abdominal cavity and 10 greater omenta of deceased people from peritonitis taken in accordance with the cooperation agreement. Pieces of greater omenta were fixed with a 10% solution of neutral formalin. Paraffin blocks were made according to the traditional method, followed by making sections that were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological specimens were studied using a light microscope "MICROmed" XS-3320 in transmitted light using an increase of ×40, ×100, ×400 with the photographing of micropreparations on the camera Ningero Sheng Heng Optics and Electronics Co. Results and discussion. The findings of the study showed that the histological structure of the tissue of the greater omentum in women and men of these ages has common structural features. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed that normally the outside of the greater omentum is covered with a solid layer of mesotheliocytes, located on the basal plate, deeper there were “milk spots”, white adipocytes, which formed individual fat particles, separated by connective tissue fibers. “Milk spots” do not have capsules, in contrast to lymph nodes, and contain lymphocytes and macrophages that emerge from their fenestrated postcapillary venules and migrate into the abdominal cavity through “stigmas”. Normally, active and inactive “milk spots” are present in the greater omentum in adults. “Milk spots” had an oval, irregular and spherical shape and different sizes. In the thickness of the tissue of the greater omentum there were lymph nodes, which, in contrast to the "milk spots" on the outside were covered with a connective tissue capsule. In the thickness of the nodule, trabeculae extend from the capsule. Marginal and medullary sinuses were determined. Lymphocytes were the main cellular component of lymph nodes. Conclusion. In peritonitis, disruption of the continuous mesothelial cover of the greater omentum, resulted from disintegration of mesothelial cells; some areas of their adhesion and desquamation were observed. Areas with inflammatory infiltration, plethora of arterial and venous microvessels and an increase in active “milk spots” with a high content of lymphocytes were found in the fat particles of the greater omentum
The purpose of the study was to reveal the essence of an integrated approach to teaching fundamental disciplines as a key factor in the professional training of medical students. Materials and methods. Analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological literature were used in the study. Results and discussion. Integration significantly changes the content and structure of modern scientific knowledge, intellectual and conceptual capabilities of certain sciences. It is the most important means of achieving the unity of knowledge in the content, structural, scientific, organizational, and pedagogical aspects. Integration in the fundamental fields arose on the background of differentiation of sciences and detailing of specialties, the growing amount of knowledge and requirements for it in each individual field. Integration between academic disciplines is aimed at deepening the interconnections between subjects and is a way to improve it. The interdisciplinary integration of basic disciplines in higher medical institutions provides for a unified approach of the teaching staff of different disciplines to solving common educational problems based on the generalization of knowledge by students. Histology, cytology, embryology and human anatomy as disciplines that study the structure and morphological variations of the human body are perceived from the viewpoint of modern science as the basis of medicine, physiology and pathology, which has been gradually formed since ancient times and up to the current day. Such a close relation between the micro- and macro-structure of the body is consistent and logical in the study of two fundamental disciplines, it becomes possible to transfer theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities from one discipline to another. Creating interdisciplinary connections contributes to deeper learning and repetition of previously studied material, and properly organized integration plays both an educational and an upbringing role. The interdisciplinary integration of two fundamental disciplines such as Histology, Cytology and Embryology with Human Anatomy is a necessary component of the training of a future doctor. The use of such interdisciplinary technologies for training a doctor allows to raise him/her to a qualitatively new level of clinical thinking, capable of solving the problems of medical practice in a comprehensive manner based on the wide integration of information from various disciplines. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary integration helps to increase the professional motivation of students in the first and second years of studies in higher medical education, deepens their knowledge in specialized disciplines, activates the cognitive activity of students, promotes the formation of their competencies and improves the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities
The purpose of the study was to investigate the phenomenon of eponyms derived from scientists’ names through bibliographic analysis of literature. Materials and methods. The following research methods were used: dialectical, historical and chronological, bibliographic and descriptive, analytical. Results and discussion. It would be difficult to name the field of medicine in which there would be no eponyms. Most eponyms are still used in medicine. An eponym (Greek: ἐπώνῠμος, lit. "the one who gave the name") is an outstanding person or hero after whom an object was named. In science, an eponym is a natural linguistic compound of a scientist and his/her discovery in scientific and historical context. In anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology eponyms have been constantly used for a long time. Knowing them is essential for a certified doctor, teacher and scientist from a professional point of view. The use of eponyms contributes to professional development and raises the intellectual level of a medical worker. In anatomy, eponyms are increasingly found in various publications and textbooks on clinical anatomy. They are used in foreign publications and textbooks as well as in clinical practice. This article contains eponyms related to the human nervous system anatomy. The reason is that during practical classes and exams, many students face difficulties in learning and memorizing terms that are found in the literature. Ammon's horn is a part of the hippocampus that forms a longitudinal bulge on the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. Bekhterev's nucleus is the superior cerebellar nucleus, which is located in the lateral corner of the fossa rhomboid; its neurons switch the fibers of the anterior part of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Betz cell is a large pyramidal neuron of the inner pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex, the axons of which form the main part of the corticospinal (pyramidal) pathways. Sylvian aqueduct, aquaeductus cerebri, is a narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles and containing cerebrospinal fluid. Flechsig’s tract is the posterior spinocerebellar tract (tractus spinocerebellaris posterior), which runs in the posterior part of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Forel decussation is the ventral intersection of the fibers of the rubrospinal pathway in the lining of the midbrain (decussatio tegmentalis encephali ventralis). Meynert's decussation is dorsal intersection of the tegmentum in the midbrain. Schwalbe's nucleus is medial median nucleus (nucleus vestibularis medialis) of the VIII pair of cranial nerves. Conclusion. Thus, the study of eponyms allows us to preserve the names of scientists who have made a significant contribution to science. Furthermore, eponyms simplify memorizing of the material when studying the human nervous system anatomy and enriches our knowledge of medical science history
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