Extractpups suckled by zinc-adequate, pair-fed, or ad libitum-fed dams. The 12-day-old zincdeficient pups also displayed a A deficiency of dietary zinc during the suckling period of decreased incorporation of thymidine into D~~ and of the rat results in a depression in normal growth, which is, in inorganic sulfate into the acid-insoluble fraction of brain (19). part, due to the inanition experienced by the dam. The pups The studies reported in this paper are an extension of the from such zinc-deficient dams have smaller forebrains at all of above studies on effects of a deficiency of dietary zinc on the time intervals investigated in comparison with pups from brain composition and development during the suckling both zinc-adequate controls. The cell number of the forebrain period. of the zinc-deficient pup was also reduced in comparison with the zinc-adequate pups. RNA concentration did not appear to be affected, although the total RNA content was reduced METHODSbecause the smaller brain size. The protein per Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an adequate ration cell was reduced at 6 and 15 days in the zinc-deficient ad libitum until delivery. soon as possible after parturition, forebrain and polysomal profiles displayed abnormal distribu-the dams were moved to clean Plexiglas cages. The number of tion of material between monosomes and polysomes in the in each litter was made equivalent at 8 and only litters zinc-deficient brain. Zinc deficiency during the suckling period that were maintained at or 8 pups during the test period thus appears to disadvantage the animal in terms of body, were used for analysis.animals were then fed a brain growth, accretion of cells into the forebrain, and normal biotin-enriched, 20% sprayed egg white diet (13) which was protein metabolism.modified to incorporate inositol at 1 g/kg and to omit the antibiotic. The zinc content was less than 1 mg/kg by analysis. Speculation One group of dams was given the diet ad libitum and distilled, zinc is essential for development of the brain. infants who deionized water to drink. Two zinc-adequate controls were experience zinc deficiency during the critical period for brain utilized. The first was pair-fed on an individual basis with the growth will suffer brain damage which may be poorly dams in the zinc-deficient group. The second control was fed reversible.the diet ad libitum. Both zinc-adequate controls received zinc at 100 mg/liter in their drinking water. At intervals, the entire litter of a dam was killed by Zinc has been known to be an essential trace element for decapitation. The brains were rapidly removed, separated by more than a century (17), although its essentiality for a blunt dissection into cerebellum and forebrain (the brain mammalian species was not established until 1934 (28), when anterior to the cerebellum excluding the brain stem and the deficiency syndrome was produced in rats. The manifesta-olfactory bulbs), and placed in ice-cold, buffered sucrose. tions of zinc deficiency have been reviewed by Underwood After wei...
T HE influence of age and sex on the linear growth and mineralization of bones in turkeys has not been thoroughly investigated. Motzok and Slinger (1948) reported a tendency in poults 3 to 5 weeks of age for the females to have slightly higher bone ash than males. Sullivan (1960) reported that in Broad Breasted Bronze (BBB) turkeys 17 to 20 weeks of age, the bones (tarsometatarsus) of females were significantly (P < .01) higher in ash content than those of males.Fry and Stadelman (1958) have reviewed literature pertaining to the effect of sex, age and hormonization on the ash content of chicken bones. Their data confirmed previous reports, and indicated that females have a higher percentage of bone ash than males. Birds 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age were studied. The hormonization method employed had little or no effect on bone ash. Landauer et al. (1941) reported that estrogen increased the calcium, inorganic phosphorus and phosphatase content of blood in two breeds of ducks. Changes in bone structure were also observed following estrogen administration.The present investigation was conducted to study the linear growth and mineralization of bones in BBB turkeys. The influence of age and sex on these processes were specifically noted.
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