Linear Growth and Mineralization of Bones in Broad Breasted Bronze Turkeys

Sullivan, T. W.; Al-Ubaidi, Y. Y.

doi:10.3382/ps.0420046

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The weight restriction imposed upon the restricted-fed males resulted in an overall decrease in muscular development which was readily ap-parent when carcasses of sacrificed birds were examined at 30 and 50 weeks of age. The results in regard to shank length are similar to those of Sullivan and Al-Ubaidi (1963) who found that the linear growth of the tibia of Broad Breasted Bronze males attained a plateau at about 22 weeks of age. Since the B.B.W.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Feed or Light Restriction During the Growing and Breeding Cycles on the Reproductive Performance of Broad Breasted White Turkey Males

et al. 1977

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Restriction of day length or feed consumption of winter-hatched Broad Breasted White turkey males were evaluated for their effects on reproductive performance. Sixty-four turkey males, 18 weeks of age, were selected on the basis of conformation and body weight and randomly divided into four treatment groups. Treatments differed with respect to feeding and lighting schedules as follows: (1) full-fed; ambient light, 18-28 weeks of age; 15L/9D, 28-66 weeks of age; (2) restricted-fed, light schedule as in (1); (3) full-fed, 12L/12D, 18-66 weeks of age; and (4) full-fed; 8L/16D, 18-66 weeks of age. Individual body weights and group feed consumption were determined for each treatment. Individual males were periodically evaluated for semen quality and quantity, beginning at 32 weeks of age. Four groups, each containing 16 individually caged females, were inseminated with pooled semen from the respective male treatment groups to determine fertility during a 20-week egg production period.Restricting daily feed consumption to approximately 50% of the feed consumed by full-fed males resulted in a 30% reduction in body weight at 30 weeks of age; body weight for restrictedfed males was significantly less (P<.05) than that of full-fed males through 65 weeks of age. Regression analysis of semen volume indicated that restricted-fed males receiving 15 hours of light, and full-fed males receiving either 12 or 8 hours of light per day, produced increasing semen volumes over a 30 week collection period (from 32 to 62 weeks of age), while full-fed males receiving 15 hours of light per day exhibited a decline in semen production. Fertility of eggs from B.B.W. turkey hens, inseminated with semen from restricted-fed males was significantly (P<0.05) higher than fertility following inseminations from full-fed male groups receiving 15, 12 or 8 hours of light per day.The seasonal decline in semen quality and quantity, often experienced in turkey breeder males, was prevented through the use of the feed restriction program. Males in the restricted-fed group were also easier to handle and ejaculate than males from the full-fed groups. Restricting feed intake resulted in a 55% saving in feed consumed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Feed or Light Restriction During the Growing and Breeding Cycles on the Reproductive Performance of Broad Breasted White Turkey Males

et al. 1977

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“…Data from published papers with turkeys show similar changes, albeit over a slightly longer period of time ( Figure 1). Sullivan and Al-Ubaidi (1963) reported that commercial toms weighed 6 kg at 16 wk of age compared with 12 kg in 1992 (Turner and Lilburn, 1992). With respect to breast yield, Lilburn and Nestor (1991) reported that the Pectoralis major weighed 2 kg (21.4% live weight) at 16 wk in a commercial sire line compared with .85 kg (14.7% live weight) in a randombred turkey line representing the commercial turkey of the 1960s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…With respect to breast yield, Lilburn and Nestor (1991) reported that the Pectoralis major weighed 2 kg (21.4% live weight) at 16 wk in a commercial sire line compared with .85 kg (14.7% live weight) in a randombred turkey line representing the commercial turkey of the 1960s. (Sullivan and Al-Ubaidi, 1963) and 1992 (Turner and Lilburn, 1992). to the increased incidence of "leg weakness". It is difficult, however, to point to a single factor that has been most influenced by selection, particularly if treatment or strain comparisons are made at similar BW rather than the same age (Wise, 1970a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Skeletal Growth of Commercial Poultry Species

Lilburn

1994

Poultry Science

112

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There have been significant increases in growth and development of commercial broilers, turkeys, and ducks. The large decline in days to market and disproportional increases in breast yield have contributed to greater incidences of various skeletal anomalies. Across all three species, tibial dyschondroplasia is observed about half-way through the growing period (50%), but in each case the birds have achieved 40% or less of their final BW. Relative tibia development (length and width) is significantly slower in broilers compared with turkeys and ducks, which suggests a greater susceptibility to biomechanical problems, the end result of which is abnormal long bone development. There are relatively few studies that have addressed changes in the femur as well as the tibia. There are indications that mineralization rates and other aspects of femur development occur more slowly than what is observed for the tibia. In this regard, the femur may be the weak link with respect to long bone developmental abnormalities. Nutrient restriction during short periods of the growout has proven to be an effective way of decreasing leg abnormalities. In all cases, however, there are corresponding declines in BW at normal market ages and associated declines in absolute breast muscle development. In the future, however, these fractional losses in measures of carcass yield may still be economically advantageous compared with the cost of increased leg problems under field conditions.

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“…If shank length can be considered as an accurate measurement of overall skeletal development, the reduced body weights observed in the restricted-fed group were due to different degrees of muscular development and not in skeletal development. Sullivan and Al-Ubaidi (1963) found that the linear growth of the tibia of Broad Breasted females attained a plateau at about 16 weeks of age. No differences (between treatments) were noted in the present study at 40 weeks of age for any of the body conformation measurements, with the exception of body depth for the full-fed hens receiving the 14% protein diet, which was significantly (P^0.05) greater than that of the other groups (Table 4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Feed and Light Regimes during the Growing Period on Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Broad Breasted White Turkeys Fed Two Protein Levels

et al. 1978

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Ninety-six Broad Breasted White female turkeys were selected as potential breeder hens on the basis of body weight and conformation at 19 weeks of age, and housed in cages. From 22 to 30 weeks, hens were provided 8 hours light per day and fed a 16% protein diet. Half the hens were full-fed and half were restricted-fed the same diet by feeding every-other-day an amount equal to 1.5 times the average consumption of the full-fed birds, based on weekly feed consumption of the full-fed group. At 30 weeks of age, hens were provided 16 hours of light per day and half the hens from each prebreeder treatment were full-fed either a 14 or an 18% protein ration for a 20 week production period.Body weights of the restricted-fed hens were significantlylower at 30 weeks of age than full-fed groups, and reached their maximum body weight at 34 weeks of age, compared to 33 weeks for full-fed hens. Days to first egg were significantly less for hens which had been full-fed from 22-30 weeks than hens restricted in feed during this period.The number of eggs per hen (20 weeks) was significantly greater (P<0.01) for hens full-fed during the 22-30 week period (88.4), compared to the previously restricted-fed hens (77.9). Feeding a 14 or an 18% protein diet from lighting through 20 weeks of production, resulted in no significant differences in total egg production, egg weight, fertility or hatchability.Luther and Waldroup (1970) fed 14.7%, 16.7% and 18.0% protein diets to laying turkeys and found no differences in reproductive performance; nor could a response to added methionine at the 14.7% or 16.7% protein at

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Linear Growth and Mineralization of Bones in Broad Breasted Bronze Turkeys

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Feed or Light Restriction During the Growing and Breeding Cycles on the Reproductive Performance of Broad Breasted White Turkey Males

Effect of Feed or Light Restriction During the Growing and Breeding Cycles on the Reproductive Performance of Broad Breasted White Turkey Males

Skeletal Growth of Commercial Poultry Species

Effect of Feed and Light Regimes during the Growing Period on Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Broad Breasted White Turkeys Fed Two Protein Levels

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