The resistivity and mechanical properties of Cu–Sn alloys with different compositions were explored by casting, normalising, cold work and subsequent annealing treatment. Results indicated that the Cu–Sn alloy had the characteristics of ultrahigh electrical conductivity, when the Sn content was ∼0·5 wt-. Note that the resistivity of the as cast and annealed Cu–0·5 wt-Sn alloys is 1·55 and 1·26 μΩ cm respectively.
The flow stress behaviours of Q345E alloy steel were studied by tensile test at 950-1200°C and a strain rate of 0.005-0.5 s −1 by using Gleeble-1500D testing machine. The material parameters for the hot deformation constitutive equation were obtained by inverse method based on teaching-learning-based optimisation algorithm. The experimental values and calculated values have good fitness. The mean error is 10%. So, the constitutive equation could be applied to make technology of hot working for Q345E steel.
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