The genus of wild rose, or Rosa L., belongs to the family Rosaceae. It has many cultural forms, bred under the general name Rosa. At the moment, more than 400 species of rose hips are known. Usually these are upright shrubs, less often creepers, sometimes low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants. Rosehip is common in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, it can often be found in the mountainous regions of the tropical zone. Some species of rose hips are common from the Arctic Circle in the north to Ethiopia in the south. On the American continent - from Canada to Mexico, Favorable conditions for Rosehip are in the Mediterranean region. Several species of the Rosehip genus have an extensive distribution area. Kazakhstan has significant resources of medicinal raw materials of plant origin. Among the most priority representatives of the wild flora are species of the rosehip genus - Rosa L. as a most valuable medicinal plant. In total, 21 species of wild rose grow in the republic, including 5 in the central Kazakhstan: R. glabrifolia - sh. naked, R. laxa Retz. - w. loose, R. acicularis Lindl. - (W. needlefish), R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.) - sh. May (W. cinnamon) and R. pimpinellifolia L. (R. spinosissima L.) - W. femoral cell. Kazakhstan species of the genus Rosa L. Rose hips are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances and are widely used both in medicine and in cooking. In this paper, a comparative analysis of rose hips, Rosa canina L., harvested in the fall of 2018 is carried out. Plant raw materials are collected in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty region). The crushed air-dry raw materials were extracted with hexane and chloroform in the ratio of raw materials-reagent (1:10) in a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting extract was concentrated under mild conditions to a thick concentrate, which was analyzed on a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector. The analyzes were carried out on a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector 6890N / 5973C (Agilent, USA). The peaks detected in the chromatograms were identified using the NIST’11 and Wiley 10 mass spectral libraries. The article first studied and conducted a comparative analysis of lipophilic substances contained in the fruits of the plant Rosa canina L, harvested in the Almaty region. The extracts mainly include hydrocarbons, derivatives of higher carboxylic acids, higher alcohols and some other substances, in particular butyl tetradecyl ether of hydrochloric acid, [4- (2-methylpentanoylsulfamoyl) phenyl] amide of 2-methylpentanoic acid in hexane extract and, butyl undecyl ether sulfuric acid, eicosyl trifluoroacetate and ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-4-azafluorenone, 2-fluorenilim in the chloroform extract. Further work will be continued in order to determine the potential biological activity of the obtained extracts. Keywords: Rosa canina L., СКФ-экстракция, никотин, GC-MS, химический состав.
In this article identifies new sources of obtaining biological substances from plants of the genus Atraphaxis (A. spinosa) prepared in the Almaty region. According to well - known methods, the analysis of indicators and standards of raw material quality-humidity, total ash, sulphate ash, insoluble ash in 10% hydrochloric acid-was developed and carried out. Micro- and macroelements determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Analysis of the elemental composition shows that iron predominates from microelements, and sodium, potassium and calcium from macronutrients. Conditions for obtaining a biologically active complex from the aboveground part of Atraphaxis spinosa developed for the first time. The optimal conditions for obtaining the complex are extractant – 50% ethanol, the ratio of extractant and raw materials – 1:8, double extraction time – 48 hours, temperature – 22 - 26 °C. The lipophilic composition identified by chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Since lipophilic fractions of plant samples include such classes of compounds as fatty acids; mono-; di-; triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols, Sterol esters, glycolipids, fat-soluble vitamins, they can considered not only as nutritional products, but also as possible pharmacological agents. The content of lipophilic components – 26 organic compounds-was determined. It found that A. spinosa contains a large amount of di - (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (54.66%) and β-sitosterol (13.11%). A complex study of plant resources as medicinal raw materials provides for the chemical study of biologically active substances and biological screening of extracts and individual compounds obtained from plants. In most cases, the extract showed a wide range of antibacterial activity against the used strains of microorganisms.
News of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2 NAS RK is pleased to announce that News of NAS RK. Series of chemistry and technologies scientific journal has been accepted for indexing in the Emerging Sources Citation Index, a new edition of Web of Science. Content in this index is under consideration by Clarivate Analytics to be accepted in the Science Citation Index Expanded, the Social Sciences Citation Index, and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index. The quality and depth of content Web of Science offers to researchers, authors, publishers, and institutions sets it apart from other research databases. The inclusion of News of NAS RK. Series of chemistry and technologies in the Emerging Sources Citation Index demonstrates our dedication to providing the most relevant and influential content of chemical sciences to our community.
Genus Lavandula – specially grown as an aromatic and medicinal plant. In inflorescences, the content of essential oil is from 0.8 % to 2.6 %, in leaves up to 0.3 %. The main components of the essential oil are linalool (10-30 %) in the free state and its esters with acetic, butyric, valerianic, caproic acids (30-60 %), as well as geraniol, citral, borneolen, bisabolene, α-pinene and others. Currently, the plant is used as an ornamental, as a spice in cooking, as well as for medicinal purposes. In traditional medicine, flowers, leaves and branches of lavender are used. In Bulgaria, lavender is used as a means of calming the nervous system, relaxing baths and for skin diseases. In Germany, ointments are made from lavender petals. In Austria, lavender leaves are collected before flowering and are used as soothing and anti-inflammatory drugs. In Poland, in combination with a pharmacy chamomile flower, the flowers of a lavender plant are used in the healing of a fresh voice and bronchial disease. In France, an infusion of lavender flowers is used as an urolithic substance. The object of the study is raw materials L.angustifolia of individual collection at the experimental site of the laboratory of medicinal plants of the Institute of Phyto-Introduction and Botany at the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan of Almaty. The technology for producing a biologically active complex from the plant species under study has been developed by varying the nature of the extractant, its ratio with raw materials, time and extraction ratio. The optimal condition for obtaining a biologically active complex from a plant is: extractant – 50 % ethyl alcohol, the ratio of extractant to raw material – 1: 9, the time of double extraction – 72 hours, temperature – 25 ºC. The fractional composition of the aerial mass of L.angustifolia, which is represented by water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions, was studied. The article presents for the first time the data of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the lipophilic components of the aerial mass of L.angustifolia, determined by gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Analyzes were carried out in a laboratory of chemistry of natural coefficients, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan, the structure and quantitative content of 16 compounds were established in the aerial mass of the plant L.angustifolia. The identification of the components was carried out by analogy with the known mass spectra of the samples embedded in the computer data bank and relative retention times. Quantitative determination of the composition of the analyzed mixture was carried out by the method of normalization by peak areas. Keywords: Lavandula (L. angustifolia), GC-MS, extraction, BAS, aerial parts.
The genus rose hips, or rose (Rosa L.), belongs to the Rosaceae family. It has many cultural forms, bred under the general name Rose. Now, more than 400 species of rose hips known. Usually these are erect shrubs, less often lianas, sometimes-low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants. Rosehip is common in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, it can often found in the mountainous regions of the tropical belt. Some types of rose hips distributed from the Arctic Circle in the north to Ethiopia in the south. On the American continent - from Canada to Mexico. The most favorable conditions for Rosehip are in the Mediterranean region. Several species of the genus Rosehip have a wide distribution area. Kazakhstan possesses significant resources of medicinal plant raw materials. Among the most priority representatives of the wild flora are species of the wild rose genus - Rosa L. as the most valuable medicinal plant. In total, 21 species of wild rose grow in the republic, including 5 in Central Kazakhstan: R. glabrifolia - w. naked, R. laxa Retz. - w. loose, R. acicularis Lindl. - (w. Spiny), R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.) - w. May (w. cinnamon) and R. pimpinellifolia L. (R. spinosissima L.) - w. femoral. Kazakh species of the genus Rosa L Rosehip fruits distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances and are widely used in medicine. Plant raw materials collected in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty region). The crushed air-dry raw material was extracted with hexane and chloroform in a raw material-reagent ratio (1:10) in a Soxhlet apparatus. Plants of the genus Rosa are rich in vitamins A, C, E and group B, and also contain sugars, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, glycosides, tannins, organic acids, amygdalin, essential oils. Thus, rosehip is a promising raw material for the creation of domestic medicines. This article examines the study of the quantitative composition of amino acids and vitamins in the fruits of the species of the genus Rosa widespread in Kazakhstan in the supercritical extract, isolated and the fruits of the Rosa canina plant, in order to establish the possibility of using and with the subsequent cultivation of the selected species.
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