Introduction. The aim is scientific justification and innovative technologies of aqueous-alcoholic infusions (AAI) for producing syrups in confectionery products, for giving them functional and health qualities. Materials and methods. Methods of investigation: redoxometry-determination of antioxidant capacity of AAI from plant raw materials; pH-metry; methods of determining of the organoleptic indicators. Results and discussion. The minimal theoretically expected meaning of Eh min for plant water-alcohol extracts was got, which has meanings from 203,0 mV (ginger root) to 480,9 mV (Sudan rose), and actually measured Eh act-82,0 mV (strawberry leaves) to 246,0 mV (ginger root). Thus, the minimum quantity of redox reaction (RR) is-42,3 mV and typical for ginger root, and the highest meaning 266,0 mV has the AAI from guilder rose fruits. The pH level for AAI has meaning from 2,985 (Sudanese rose) to 7,605 (ginger root) that infusios have reactions from acidic to slightly alkaline. The groups of infusions for antioxidant ability were defined: infusions with low activity-3 samples (25%), among them are ginger roots, apple fruits, elderberry fruits; infusions with middle activity-4 samples (33%), among them the lowest meaning 133,4 mV has cinnamon, and the most-171,8 mV has cherry leaves; infusions with the high activity-5 samples (42%), among them are rowan-234,3 mV, cherry-247,5 mV, Sudanese rose-260,4 mV, guelder rose-266 mV and buckthorn-282,4 mV. Conclusion. The most promising sources of natural antioxidants for usage in syrups technology for impregnation of confectionery product were defined.
It was found that the lowest percentage of cows with mastitis was recorded in winter: 10.3% (P≤0.001) when milking with ‘De Laval’ equipment and 17.7% (P≤0.001) when milking with the ADM-8A unit. The highest incidence of mastitis in cows was observed in summer: 21.0% (P≤0.001) and 27.1% (P≤0.001), respectively, when milking cows at milking parlors ‘De Laval’ and ADM-8A. It was found that, when using milking equipment ADM-8A, adult cows are 2.1-1.7 times more prone to mastitis compared to cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. When milking cows with the ‘De Laval’ unit, the incidence of mastitis in adult cows is 4.3-1.1 times higher than in cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. Gentle milking mode on the ‘De Laval’ equipment allowed to increase the number of completely healthy animals to 74%, which is 9.6% more than when using the milking unit ADM-8A (64.4%), and to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis in cows by 3.4 times. It has been established that in cows with disorders in the udder the content of somatic cells in the secretion of the udder significantly changes (with a high degree of correlation) in all periods of the functional state of the body. Thus, during subclinical mastitis r=l0.72 (P≤0.001) and udder irritation r=l0.58 (P≤0.05). At the beginning of lactation, subclinical mastitis is accompanied with significant changes in the activity of enzymes: muramidase r=l0.84 (P≤0.001), lactoperoxidase r=l0.65 (P≤0.01) and lactoferrin r=l0.66 (P≤0.01).
Recently, due to the widespread implementation of intensive milk production technologies, the requirements for the type of animal physique have increased, because the theory and practice of breeding have proved that the economic and long-term use of cows is not possible without taking into account their exterior features and type of the constitution. The influence of the traits of the animals’ physique on the duration of their economic use was studied, and the main slaughter grades and standards minimum percentage of cows determined beaf cow culling were determined. We selected the criteria mainly caused the cattle removing from the herd: growth scale of score 4, sacral inclination – score 6, limb posture from rear and side views - score 5. The percentage of cattle culling with body condition score score ranged from 7 to 9 was determined.
Improving modern dairy farming is based on the industry's development, which means transforming livestock farming into a competitive industry. The development of its technical and technological support is closely related to its functional ability to realize the genetic potential of biological objects of production with high-quality products, which is the defining criterion for the competitiveness of machinery and technology at the industry’s present stage of development. The purpose of the research was to study milk production technology based on a comprehensive assessment and implementation of modern milking equipment, maximizing animals’ genetic potential and industry efficiency. We proved that applying the ‘DeLaval’ milking parlor under the same feeding and keeping animals ensured the proper completeness of milking and increased cows’ milk yield. During the first, third, and highest lactations, the milk yield was 226 kg (P=0.05), 266 kg (P=0.05), and 214 kg (P=0.05), respectively. After-milking when applying ADM-8A averaged 175 ml, and only 45 ml when applying the ‘DeLaval’ parlor. When using the ‘DeLaval’ milking equipment, the milk production intensity of cows was 1.43 kg/min, and, with ADM-8A, it was 1.24 kg/min, which is 0.19 kg/min (P=0.001), or 15.3% higher.
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