Evaluation of slaughter cattle grades and standards of cull cows

Abstract

Recently, due to the widespread implementation of intensive milk production technologies, the requirements for the type of animal physique have increased, because the theory and practice of breeding have proved that the economic and long-term use of cows is not possible without taking into account their exterior features and type of the constitution. The influence of the traits of the animals’ physique on the duration of their economic use was studied, and the main slaughter grades and standards minimum percentage of cows determined beaf cow culling were determined. We selected the criteria mainly caused the cattle removing from the herd: growth scale of score 4, sacral inclination – score 6, limb posture from rear and side views - score 5. The percentage of cattle culling with body condition score score ranged from 7 to 9 was determined.

Effect of various milking equipment on milk ejection in high-yielding cows

“…The conditioned reflex to milk let down is developed and maintained in cows under the influence of a specific daily routine that is not changed on the farm, which creates a so-called dynamic stereotype, the violation of which inhibits the lactation reflex and weakens the secretory activity of the breast. The rate of milk ejection depends on cows' characteristics of higher nervous activity: it is usually highest in animals with a balanced mobile type of nervous system (McArt et al, 2015;Palii et al, 2020a). Thus, the research confirms that a milking machine with a device for controlling the milking process ('DeLaval') has a stimulating effect on milk production and provides a higher intensity of milk ejection and completeness milking.…”

“…An essential role in several factors that can significantly affect milk production belongs to the teats' force of compression. Therefore, the most significant influence on the intensity of milk ejection is exerted by the stiffness and elasticity of teat rubber, which, in turn, directly depend on its quality, storage conditions, duration of operation, as well as correct installation and adjustment in the milking cup (Paliy et al, 2020a).…”

Influence of cattle breed combinations on milk production: results of the Analysis of Variance

“…It is also necessary to pay attention to environmental conditions: under unfavorable environmental conditions, the level of realization of the potential genetic decreases (Osipenko et al, 2018;Fedak, 2001). Goryaev (2001) and Palii et al (2020a) focus on the fact that of the many listed factors that influence breeding work, special attention should be paid to the accuracy of the animal genotype assessment. Thus, we found that the content and yield of milk protein to a certain extent depends on the combination of genotypes of the original breeds in hybrids.…”

Impact of various milking equipment on incidence of mastitis in dairy herd

“…Nowadays, the heads of agro-industrial enterprises face the problem of veterinary and sanitary quality of milk, the solution of which is a difficult task, as it depends on many factors, both objective and subjective (Palii & Palii, 2019). There are many studies that confirm that mastitis is not only a serious disease, but also one of the cost items of dairy farming (Doehring & Sundrum, 2019;Nolan, 2017;Palii et al, 2020a;Samson et al, 2016;Soest et al, 2016). The development of diagnostic measures which aim to identify cows with mastitis that should consist of a history, general clinical examination, thorough examination of the cow's udder and bacteriological examination of the secretion of the udder is a promising area.…”