BACKGROUND: Spark plugs are among the most important components of the ignition system of an internal combustion engine (ICE). The spark-over produced by the ignition system should have sufficient energy for combustion initiation at any engine operation mode in all the service conditions. Start properties, reliability, power, fuel efficiency and exhaust toxicity of an ICE essentially depend on excellence of design and manufacturing quality of a spark plug. On the other hand, functional properties of spark plugs depend on concordance to ICE with main dimensions, design, heat properties and value of a spark gap. AIMS: Use of the methods of the spark plugs temperature field simulation in order to reduce the amount of experimental studies and to reduce the number of specimen options subjected to laboratory and on-road engine tests. METHODS: The simulation model of the temperature field of a spark plug of an internal combustion engine (ICE) was developed in this study. RESULTS: The representation of temperature distribution in the insulators thermal cone and other ceramic elements of a spark plug was obtained. The dependence of thermal conductivity and specific thermal capacity of corundum ceramics on temperature was derived. The dependencies of thermal conductivity coefficient of the plugs ceramic insulator are presented. The analysis of thermophysical properties of the substances made of various materials was carried out. The equations of the temperature field of all parts of a spark plug (a contact head, glass sealant, an insulator, a central electrode, a spark plugs body, a heat-sinking washer, a sealing ring, a cylinder head) were developed. The schematic representation of the spark plug geometry, used in the temperature field calculation, was obtained. The requirements for boundary conditions for calculation of the temperature field of a spark plug were determined. The calculation scheme of the spark plug is presented. The condition of heat exchange at the boundary between the selected part of a cylinder head and the cooling system of an internal combustion engine was considered. The study of heat transfer between the structural elements of a spark plug and the air inside the ICE compartment was carried out. The dependencies describing the heat exchange between the structural elements of a spark plug being in thermal contact with each other were determined and the internal boundary conditions were established. CONCLUSIONS: The presented methods and algorithms of spark plugs thermal state simulation helped to perform the calculation of dependencies of thermal conductivity and specific thermal capacity of the insulators ceramics as well as the thermal conductivity coefficient of the plugs ceramic elements on temperature.
The paper presents the method for calculating of electric starting systems with combined current source developed at “Automotive and Tractor Electrical Equipment” Department. There are shown the initial data and the basic formulas and expressions for calculation of such systems and to identification of the main energy parameters.
In the work under consideration, using an experimental stand formed by a cylindrical coil, the modes of air movement through the flue of a ramjet steam boiler were investigated. Experimental studies have revealed shortcomings in the operation of a direct-flow steam boiler and proposed ways to increase heat transfer in a steam boiler by turbulizing the gas-air flow in the convective part of the boiler flue. The Ansys programmable engineering environment was used to simulate the heat exchange between waste gases and water in the heat exchanger. The Ansys SpaceClaim program was used to design the geometric model. Finite element grid was created using the Ansys Icem CFD program. In the process of creation, materials were selected and designated for each part of the model, water and steam temperatures inside the heat exchanger, exhaust gas temperature, boundary conditions and heat exchange conditions between them were also set. After entering all the parameters the model calculations were carried out and the results were presented in the form of a temperature distribution diagram. In conclusion, a variant of further research of aerodynamic processes in a ramjet steam boiler and a demonstration of the selected option were presented.
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