The article presents data on experiments related to the start-up process of an automobile engine using capacitive energy storage. It is shown that capacitive energy storage devices can be used for efficient start-up of an internal combustion engine. The aim of the article was to study the systems of electric start of vehicles combustion with capacitive energy storage as source of electric energy using a mathematical apparatus that allowed analyzing the process of starting a vehicle engine with capacitive energy. In the course of work, analytical dependences on the time and angle of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine (number of working strokes) of the main parameters of the electric starter starting system with a constant moment of resistance on the shaft of the internal combustion engine were obtained. Mathematical calculations and simulation of operating modes in specialized software products were carried out. The results of the experiment showed that the process of scrolling the internal combustion engine with an electric starter when it is powered from capacitive energy storage devices differs significantly from the process of scrolling when powered from a rechargeable battery. Due to the large proliferation of batteries in vehicles and the search for alternative technological solutions to them, it can be said that the results obtained in this article are of practical value in the framework of modern electrical equipment technology.
 ñòàòüå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ äàííûå ïî èññëåäîâàíèþ ðåaeèìîâ ðàáîòû åìêîñòíûõ íàêîïèòåëåé ýíåðãèè (ÍÝ) â ñèñòåìàõ ïóñêà ñîâðåìåííîãî àâòîìîáèëüíîãî äâèãàòåëÿ. Ïðåäñòàâëåíû ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå çàâèñèìîñòè îñíîâíûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ñèñòåì ýëåêòðîñòàðòåðíîãî ïóñêà (ÑÝÏ) ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ÍÝ. Ïðè ñðàâíèòåëüíîì àíàëèçå àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ íàêîïèòåëåé ýíåðãèè áûëî âûÿâëåíî, ÷òî ëó÷øèìè ïîêàçàòåëÿìè ïî óäåëüíîé ìîùíîñòè îáëàäàþò ÍÝ, ÷òî äîñòèãàåòñÿ áëàãîäàðÿ ìåíüøåìó âíóòðåííåìó ñîïðîòèâëåíèþ. Íàêîïëåííóþ ýíåðãèþ ÍÝ ñïîñîáíû áûñòðî îòäàâàòü è íàêàïëèâàòü. Âðåìÿ ðàçðÿäà è çàðÿäà îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ïîòðåáèòåëÿìè ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè è ïàðàìåòðàìè çàðÿäíîé öåïè ÍÝ. Ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ ÍÝ â ÑÝÏ äëÿ àâòîìîáèëüíûõ äâèãàòåëåé âíóòðåííåãî ñãîðàíèÿ (ÄÂÑ), êîãäà âìåñòî øòàòíîé àêêóìóëÿòîðíîé áàòàðåè (ÀÁ) ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ ÀÁ ìåíüøåé åìêîñòè, à â îñòàâøåéñÿ ÷àñòè îáúåìà ÀÁ ðàçìåùàåòñÿ ÍÝ. Ïðè âûñîêèõ óäåëüíûõ ïîêàçàòåëÿõ ÍÝ ìîaeåò áûòü ïîâûøåíà íàäåaeíîñòü ïóñêà ïðè òîì aeå ñóììàðíîì îáúåìå è ìàññå ÑÝÏ â óñëîâèÿõ íèçêèõ òåìïåðàòóð. Ïðîâåäåííûå òåîðåòè÷åñêèå è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîçâîëèëè ïîëó-÷èòü çàâèñèìîñòè ìãíîâåííûõ è ñðåäíèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ÑÝÏ îò âðåìåíè ïðîêðó÷èâàíèÿ äâèãàòåëÿ, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ òðåáóåìàÿ åìêîñòü ÍÝ è åãî âíóòðåííåå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå, íà÷àëüíàÿ ýíåðãèÿ ÍÝ, à òàêaeå íåîáõîäèìûå îáúåì è ìàññà ÍÝ. Îáúåì è ìàññà ÀÁ ìîãóò áûòü îïðåäåëåíû èç ñïðàâî÷íîé ëèòåðàòóðû èëè ïî èçâåñòíûì ìåòîäèêàì ïî óäåëüíûì ýíåðãèÿì ÀÁ ïî îáúåìó è ìàññå. Íà ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ çàâèñèìîñòÿõ áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî âðåìÿ ïðèêðó÷èâàíèÿ êîëåí÷àòîãî âàëà, ÷èñëî ðàáî÷èõ õîäîâ è óãîë ïîâîðîòà êîëåí÷àòîãî âàëà äî ïîëíîé îñòàíîâêè Nðõ çàâèñÿò îò åìêîñòè è íàïðÿaeåíèÿ çàðÿäà ÍÝ. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäèëèñü â ëàáîðàòîðèè õîëîäíîãî ïóñêà ÔÃÓÏ «Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûé èíñòèòóò àâòîìîáèëüíîé ýëåêòðîíèêè è ýëåêòðîîáîðóäîâàíèÿ» ñîâìåñòíî ñ êàôåäðîé «Ýëåêòðîîáîðóäîâàíèå è ïðîìûøëåííàÿ ýëåêòðîíèêà» ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ «Ìîñêîâñêèè ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêèè óíèâåðñèòåò», ãäå áûëà ïðîâåäåíà ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíàÿ îöåíêà âîçìîaeíîñòè ïóñêà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ áåíçèíîâûõ äâèãàòåëåé ïðè íèçêèõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ ÑÝÏ ñ ÍÝ âûñîêîãî íàïðÿaeåíèÿ (êîíäåíñàòîðû ñ íàïðÿaeåíèåì 200-290 Â) è íèçêîâîëüòíûõ ÍÝ ñ íàïðÿaeåíèåì 12-16 Â. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: åìêîñòíûé íàêîïèòåëü ýíåðãèè, àêêóìóëÿòîðíàÿ áàòàðåÿ, äâèãàòåëü âíóòðåííåãî ñãîðàíèÿ, ñèñòåìû ýëåêòðîñòàðòåðíîãî ïóñêà, åâðåìÿ ïðîêðó÷èâàíèÿ êîëåí÷àòîãî âàëà.
The application of capacitive energy storage devices in the electric starting systems for automobile internal combustion engines is considered, when instead of a standard battery, a battery of a smaller capacity is used, and in the remainder of the standard battery volume, the energy storage device is mounted. In this case, at the high specific indicators of the energy storage device, the reliability of the engine start can be increased with the same total volume and mass of the electric starting systems at low temperatures. The paper presents a methodology for a determination the parameters of the battery and the energy storage device which are connected in parallel for the electric starting systems, in the case when the type of internal combustion engine and its main parameters are specified, as well as the type of the starter motor and its characteristics. The conducted theoretical investigations made it possible to obtain the dependence of the required mechanical energy for starting the internal combustion engine from the value of the capacity of the energy storage device, as a result of which the required capacity of the energy storage device and its internal resistance, its initial energy, as well as its necessary volume and mass are determined. The volume and mass of battery can be determined from the reference literature or under certain methods for the specific energy of battery by volume and mass. If the ratio of the total volume of the battery and the energy storage device to the volume of the battery is less than unity, then at the given starting frequency of rotation, the usage of the energy storage device is reasonable, due to the reduction of the total volume of the electric starting systems. Similar calculations are conducted for other values of the average starting frequency of rotation. The optimal parameters of the battery and the energy storage device are in which the total volume will be minimal. The parameters of the electric starting systems with the energy storage device and the battery for the VAZ automobile engine with M6z/10G1 engine oil were calculated at a temperature of -20°C with a starter 35.3708 and the gear ratio of the drive gear 11,62. The results of the calculations are shown that for a specific energy of the energy storage device 1 Jcm3 at all starting rotational speeds, the usage of the energy storage device does not allow to reduce the total volume of the energy storage device and the battery in comparison with the volume of the battery required for scrolling the internal combustion engine shaft with this starting frequency.
The paper analyzes the different types of capacitive energy storage devices when they are used in systems of electric starter systems of automotive engines.
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