Bacterial biofilms are responsible for a wide range of persistent infections. In the clinic, diagnosis of biofilm-associated infections relies heavily on culturing methods, which fail to detect nonculturable bacteria. Identification of novel fluorescent probes for biofilm imaging will greatly facilitate diagnosis of pathogenic bacterial infection. Herein, we report a novel fluorescent probe, CDy11 (compound of designation yellow 11), which targets amyloid in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix through a diversity oriented fluorescent library approach (DOFLA). CDy11 was further demonstrated for in vivo imaging of P. aeruginosa in implant and corneal infection mice models.

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An approach to model slug flow in horizontal pipeline is presented which is based on a transient Lagrangian formulation. The effect of slug growth is modelled by considering the gas expansion, picking up of liquid film ahead of the slug and shading of liquid from the slug tail. This method is particular useful for slug flows approaching the end of a pipeline. The validation of the theoretical prediction is confirmed by comparing with the experimental measurement. The proposed model is further used to analyse shock phenomenon caused by a rapid valve closure in a gas-liquid slug flows system. The results show that the pressure surge is highly dependent on the local void fraction at the valve during closure. Good agreement has been obtained between prediction and experimental data by Akagawa et al (1982).