Silence of ClC-3 protein effectively suppressed phosphorylation of the Akt/GSK-3beta signal pathway, resulting in down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and up-regulation of p27(KIP) and p21(CIP). In these BASMCs, integrated effects lead to cell cycle G(1)/S arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation.
The experiment was conducted to determine the leucine requirement of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in low-salinity water (0.50-1.20 g L À1 ). Six diets were formulated to contain 410 g kg À1 crude protein with fish meal, peanut meal and precoated crystalline amino acids with different concentration of L-leucine (16.72, 19.60, 22.06, 24.79, 27.28 and 30.16 g kg À1 dry diet). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps (0.38 AE 0.002 g), and the feed trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the maximum weight gain was observed at 24.95 g kg À1 dietary leucine group, whereas the diets containing higher leucine concentration conversely reduced the growth performance (P < 0.05). Moreover, the highest body protein content and body protein deposition and the lowest haemolymph AST and ALT activities were also found at 24.95 g kg À1 dietary leucine group. With the increase in leucine in diets, a dose-dependent increase was found in body lipid content and haemolymph urea concentration. The polynomial regression calculated using weight gain, feed efficiency and body protein deposition indicated that the optimal dietary leucine requirement for L. vannamei reared in low-salinity water was 23.73 g kg À1 leucine of dry diet, correspondingly 57.88 g kg À1 of dietary protein.1 essential amino acid mix (g kg À1 diet): L-methionine, 3.
This experiment was conducted to investigate total aromatic amino acid requirement of juvenile grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semipurified diets containing casein and gelatin with graded level of phenylalanine (7.8, 11.1, 14.4, 17.6, 21.7, 24.9 g kg À1 DM) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate group of 30 fish (3.58 AE 0.002 g, mean AE SEM) each tank for 8 weeks. The highest weight gain (WG, %), final body weight (g) and specific growth rate were recorded when phenylalanine level was 17.6 g kg À1 of the diet. Fish muscle protein content, protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio and alanine aminotransferase were significantly affected by dietary phenylalanine level. The polynomial regression calculated using WG and PER indicated that the optimal dietary total aromatic amino acid (phenylalanine + tyrosine) requirement for juvenile grass carp was 24.4 g kg À1 of the diet, corresponding to 65.9 g kg À1 of dietary protein.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.