Total aromatic amino acid requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate total aromatic amino acid requirement of juvenile grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semipurified diets containing casein and gelatin with graded level of phenylalanine (7.8, 11.1, 14.4, 17.6, 21.7, 24.9 g kg À1 DM) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate group of 30 fish (3.58 AE 0.002 g, mean AE SEM) each tank for 8 weeks. The highest weight gain (WG, %), final body weight (g) and specific growth rate were recorded when phenylalanine level was 17.6 g kg À1 of the diet. Fish muscle protein content, protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio and alanine aminotransferase were significantly affected by dietary phenylalanine level. The polynomial regression calculated using WG and PER indicated that the optimal dietary total aromatic amino acid (phenylalanine + tyrosine) requirement for juvenile grass carp was 24.4 g kg À1 of the diet, corresponding to 65.9 g kg À1 of dietary protein.

Desempenho Zootécnico E Rendimento De Filé Do Robalo-Flecha Alimentado Com Diferentes Dietas Comerciais

“…No entanto, outros fatores, como o perfil de ácidos graxos, de aminoácidos, a qualidade das matérias-primas e o correto balanceamento da relação proteína/ energia, também são importantes e podem ter afetado os resultados. Todos esses já foram elucidados como fatores-chave na nutrição de peixes marinhos (Glencross, 2009;Small & Soares Jr., 1998;Gao et al, 2016) e são determinantes para o sucesso ou fracasso no cultivo comercial de peixes marinhos (Tacon & Metian, 2008). Embora os resultados zootécnicos tenham mostrado que é desejável optar por uma ração comercial com características semelhantes à Ração B, estudos voltados para o desenvolvimento de dietas específicas para essa espécie são incentivados.…”

Dietary taurine impacts the growth, amino acid profile and resistance against heat stress of tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

“…Each diet [T1 (control), T2, T3, T4 and T5)] was supplemented with 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3), 20 (T4) or 50 (T5) g Tau/kg, respectively (Tables 1 and 2). In each diet, while increasing the Tau, the glycine in the diets decreased proportionally in order to keep isonitrogenous conditions (Gao, Liu, Chen, Yang, & Tian, 2015; Marcouli, Alexis, Andriopoulou, & Iliopoulou‐Georgudaki, 2004) (Tables 1 and 2).…”

The Optimum Dietary Phenylalanine Requirement of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelusfuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinepheluslanceolatus ♂) Juveniles: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Micromorphology, and Antioxidation

“…Phenylalanine (Phe) is an essential amino acid (EAA) for the protein synthesis, and it is vital for the physiology, metabolism, and protein synthesis in fish [ 1 ]. In addition, Phe belongs to aromatic amino acids, and it is important for the metamorphosis of fish larve [ 2 ].…”

“…In addition, Phe belongs to aromatic amino acids, and it is important for the metamorphosis of fish larve [ 2 ]. Moreover, as a precursor to tyrosine (Tyr), Phe could be converted into epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine both in liver and in kidney [ 1 , 3 ], promoting the growth, tissue differentiation, nutrient metabolism, and antistress capability of fish [ 3 ].…”

“…Proper Phe supplementations in the diet could positively alter the growth perfomance of various farmed fish species, including rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) [ 4 ], silver perch ( Bidyanusbidyanus ) [ 5 ], red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatusto ) [ 6 ], Catla ( Catlacatla ) [ 7 ], fingerling Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) [ 8 ], juvenile blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) [ 9 ], and Indian major carp ( Cirrhinusmrigala ) [ 10 ]. As one of the ketogenic amino acids, Phe can elevate the protein and lipid retentions inmany aquatic animals, such as silver perch [ 5 ], red drum [ 6 ], juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) [ 1 ], and juvenile hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus ) [ 11 ]. In addition, the appropriate inclusion of Phe to diets could also improve immune status [ 12 ], absorptive ability [ 11 ], and antioxidant capacity [ 13 ] of fish.…”