Tau is reversibly hyperphosphorylated in the mouse brain by starvation or cold water swimming. Here, we report tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus of normal mouse after ether anesthesia, known to trigger typical stress reactions. Robust phosphorylation of tau was observed immediately and 10 min after ether vapor exposure at Ser202/Thr205 and Thr231/Ser235, sites typically phosphorylated in Alzheimer brains. The phosphorylation levels returned to baseline by 1 h. The most conspicuous and consistent change in the protein kinases studied was the inactivating phosphorylation of Ser9 of TPKI/GSK3b in close correspondence with tau phosphorylation. These findings show that tau phosphorylation is a rapid physiological process integral to stress response system, and suggest involvement therein of TPKI/GSK3b.
At ISPSD2013, we presented an SC-diode that realizes low forward voltage drop (VF), low reverse recovery loss and low leakage current at high temperature of over 175 °C, with a combination of very low injection efficiency and high carrier lifetime. This paper proposes an advanced low injection cathode concept with N Schottky region enabling the SC-diode to obtain excellent fast recovery characteristics, realizing a range of 10 kH switching frequency. We discuss a balance of injection efficiency between two sides (anode and cathode), which is very important for reducing voltage ringing during reverse recovery under low current turn-on condition of IGBTs. Furthermore, we have obtained high reverse recovery ruggedness by controlling impact ionization position where is only bottom of deep P anode layer.
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