Aims/IntroductionThe relationship between pancreatic fatty infiltration and diabetes is widely known, whereas the causal relationship is not clear. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether pathogenesis of pancreatic fat is similar to that of liver fat. We aimed to clarify the contribution of this type of fat to glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes patients by cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses.Material and MethodsA total of 56 patients with type 2 diabetes who had been hospitalized twice were analyzed. We evaluated the mean computed tomography values of the pancreas (P), liver (L) and spleen (S). Lower computed tomography values indicate a greater fat content. We defined indices of pancreatic or liver fat content as the differences between P or L and S. We assessed the associations among fat content for the two organs (P‐S, L‐S) and clinical parameters at the first hospitalization, and then analyzed the associations between these fat contents and changes in glycometabolic markers (the second data values minus the first).ResultsIn the cross‐sectional study, P‐S negatively correlated with the increment of C‐peptide in the glucagon stimulation test (r = −0.71, P < 0.0001) and body mass index (r = −0.28, P = 0.034). L‐S negatively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.73, P < 0.0001), body mass index (r = −0.62, P < 0.0001) and some other obesity‐related indicators, but not with the increment of C‐peptide in the glucagon stimulation test. In the longitudinal study, P‐S positively correlated with the change of the increment of C‐peptide in the glucagon stimulation test (r = 0.49, P = 0.021).ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetes patients, pancreatic fat was less associated with obesity‐related indicators than liver fat, but was more strongly associated with the longitudinal decrease in endogenous insulin‐secreting capacity.
Objective:Along with the increasing prevalence of obesity and related diseases, particularly atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now a common and major public health issue in many countries around the world. Adiponectin, a protein secreted by the adipose tissue, has become recognized as a key player in the development of MetS. These days, not only MetS but also borderline metabolic/physiological abnormalities, such as impaired fasting glucose, high normal blood pressure and high normal plasma cholesterol, have been reported to be risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine the relationship between adiponectin and borderline metabolic/physiological abnormalities, as well as MetS.Design:A cross-sectional study performed from April 2007 to November 2009.Subjects:In 16 892 Japanese adults (10 008 men and 6884 women), we examined the relationship between the serum adiponectin concentration and borderline metabolic/physiological abnormalities or MetS by a questionnaire survey about medical treatment, body size measurement and measurement of laboratory parameters including the serum adiponectin concentration.Results:Adiponectin showed a significant negative correlation with the number of MetS components. In subjects without overt diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia, the adiponectin concentration also showed a significant negative correlation with the number of borderline metabolic abnormalities.Conclusion:The decrease of circulating adiponectin may start before the development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia or MetS. Adiponectin is an important biomarker for reflecting the adverse influence of visceral fat in persons with MetS, and also in these subclinical states.
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