Serum adiponectin level is not only decreased in metabolic syndrome but also in borderline metabolic abnormalities

Abstract

Objective:Along with the increasing prevalence of obesity and related diseases, particularly atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now a common and major public health issue in many countries around the world. Adiponectin, a protein secreted by the adipose tissue, has become recognized as a key player in the development of MetS. These days, not only MetS but also borderline metabolic/physiological abnormalities, such as impaired fasting glucose, high normal blood pressure and high normal plasma cholesterol, have been reported to be risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine the relationship between adiponectin and borderline metabolic/physiological abnormalities, as well as MetS.Design:A cross-sectional study performed from April 2007 to November 2009.Subjects:In 16 892 Japanese adults (10 008 men and 6884 women), we examined the relationship between the serum adiponectin concentration and borderline metabolic/physiological abnormalities or MetS by a questionnaire survey about medical treatment, body size measurement and measurement of laboratory parameters including the serum adiponectin concentration.Results:Adiponectin showed a significant negative correlation with the number of MetS components. In subjects without overt diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia, the adiponectin concentration also showed a significant negative correlation with the number of borderline metabolic abnormalities.Conclusion:The decrease of circulating adiponectin may start before the development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia or MetS. Adiponectin is an important biomarker for reflecting the adverse influence of visceral fat in persons with MetS, and also in these subclinical states.

Serum angiopoietin-like 3 levels are elevated in obese non diabetic men but are unaffected during an oral glucose tolerance test

“…Characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1 . Young obese subjects showed a borderline increase of SBP, DBP and MAP 25 . Additionally, obese subjects presented borderline risk factors for metabolic syndrome, including TC, LDLc, HDLc and TG 26 .…”

“…Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, to which central obesity (defined by WC) and ethnicity is an essential component for diagnosis of the syndrome and required the presence of two of the following elements: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 100 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 85 mm Hg, or on antihypertensive medication, TG ≥ 150 mg/dL or on treatment, HDLc < 40 mg/dL in men and < 50 mg/dL in women, or on treatment 21 . Additionally, borderline metabolic abnormalities for fasting glucose and high normal blood pressure (BP), as described by Baden et al 25 . Moreover, borderline lipid profile for metabolic syndrome factor, among these, TC, LDLc, HDLc and TG are described elsewhere 26 .…”

The impact of long-term changes in metabolic status on cardiovascular biomarkers and microvascular endothelial function in middle-aged men: a 25-year prospective study

“…Serum leptin has also been identified as an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome in men [ 46 ]. In contrast to leptin, adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived collagen-like protein, has been generally reported as a protective factor with an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties [ 47 ].…”

Relationship between serum adiponectin levels and age in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes

“…Therefore, it has anti‐diabetic, anti‐hypertensive, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arteriosclerotic properties . Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricemia, borderline metabolic abnormalities or arteriosclerotic disease . Hypoadiponectinemia is predominantly caused by obesity, especially visceral fat accumulation, and this phenomenon is the main molecular basis of metabolic syndrome.…”