The singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure for a heart rate monitoring is proposed and developed. An artificial electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is used to simulate the heart pulse at different rates ranging from 50 beats per minute (bpm) to 200 bpm. The SMS fiber structure is placed at the center of a loudspeaker and it senses the vibration of the pulse. The vibration of the pulse signal applied to the SMS fiber structure changes the intensity of the optical output power. The proposed sensor shows a linear frequency of the heart rate sensing range that matches well with the relevant heart rate from the artificial ECG. This work shows the capability of the SMS fiber structure monitoring the heart rate frequencies for a long term, high stability realization, and reproducibility, and being suitable for the observation in hospitals as well as in other environments.

Novel dynamic balance test is sensitive to alpine skier's expertise level.Application of cross correlation method for analysing rhythmic COP movements.

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