La reproduction du nématode des lésions racinaires Pratylenchus penetrans a été évaluée en serre sur 12 cultures de rotation. La moutarde brune (Brassica juncea) a été la meilleure plante hôte et a augmenté de 17,2 fois la population initiale. Le soja (Glycine max), le millet japonais (Echinochloa frumentacea), le colza (B. napus), le sarrasin (Fagopyrum esculentum), la moutarde blanche (B. hirta), et le raygrass vivace (Lolium perenne) ont été également très efficaces à multiplier le nématode et n'étaient pas significativement différents du seigle (Secale cereale), une plante hôte standard favorable. Le millet d'Italie (Setaria italica), l'avoine (Avena sativa), le maïs (Zea mays), et le brome des prés (Bromus inermis) ont accru respectivement de 5,8, 5,7, 4,5 et 3,2 fois la population initiale mais de façon significativement moindre que le seigle. Le millet perlé fourrager (Pennisetum glaucum) a présenté le plus faible taux de multiplication, soit 0,4. Ces résultats nous indiquent que les cultures de rotation couramment recommandées sont favorables à l'accroissement des populations du P. penetrans dans le sol à l'exception du millet perlé fourrager. Cette culture annuelle a un bon potentiel comme culture de rotation dans la répression des populations du nématode des lésions racinaires au Québec.The reproduction of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans was assessed on 12 rotation crops under greenhouse conditions. Brown mustard (Brassica juncea) was the best host and increased the initial population by 17.2 times. Soybean (Glycine max), Japanese millet (Echinochloa frumentacea), rape (B. napus), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), white mustard (B. hirta), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were also very efficient in multiplying the nematode and were not significantly different from rye (Secale cereale), a standard host crop. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), oats (Avena sativa), corn (Zea mays), and bromegrass (Bromus inermis) increased the initial population by 5.8, 5.7, 4.5, and 3.2 times respectively, but significantly less than rye. Forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was the poorest host with a reproduction rate of 0.4. These results indicate that most commonly recommended rotation crops are suitable for the build up of P. penetrans populations in the soil with the exception of forage pearl millet. This annual crop has a great potential as a rotation crop for controlling the root-lesion nematode in Quebec
Various crops were evaluated in 3-year rotation sequences for their ability to reduce population densities of the potato root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, and improve subsequent potato (Solanum tuberosum) yield in field microplots. Forage and grain pearl millets (Pennisetum glaucum) were evaluated against oats (Avena sativa), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), soybean (Glycine max), rye (Secale cereale), potato, and corn (Zea mays). Population densities of P. penetrans were high under rye, potato, oats, and Indian mustard and low under both forage and grain pearl millets. A single year of grain pearl millet after two consecutive years of potato or rye significantly reduced P. penetrans populations compared with 3 years of potato or rye and two consecutive years of corn, Indian mustard, oats, or soybean. One year of forage or grain pearl millet prior to potato decreased P. penetrans populations below the damage threshold of 1000 kg -1 of soil. The subsequent potato crop produced the highest marketable and total yields following either three consecutive crops of forage or grain pearl millet or a single crop of forage or grain pearl millet preceded by rye or soybean. Total yields of potato 'Superior' were significantly negatively correlated with soil densities of P. penetrans in both fall 2002 (P < 0.001, r = -0.539) and spring 2003 (P < 0.001, r = -0.423). Both forage pearl millet 'CFPM 101' and the grain pearl millet hybrid 'CGPM H-1' have potential for the magagement of P. penetrans in Quebec's potato-production system.
Two 1-year rotation experiments were conducted from 1998 to 2000 to assess the impact of forage and grain pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on Pratylenchus penetrans populations in a tobacco field (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Delgold) in Quebec. Performance of these crops was compared with rye, the standard rotation crop. Rye plots were doubled to include a fumigated standard (application of metham sodium at 67.4 liters/ha on a band). Forage pearl millet increased tobacco yields by an average of 103% compared with nonfumigated rye. In 2000, leaf dry weights of tobacco following grain pearl millet CGPM H5 and CGPM H6 was increased by 70 and 73%, respectively, when compared with nonfumigated rye and were not significantly different from the fumigated plots following rye. Forage and grain pearl millet should be considered as a viable alternative to fumigation for controlling P. penetrans infestation in flue-cured tobacco production in Quebec.
In root-knot nematode-infested soil, post-treatment effects of nematicides on duration of acceptable yields of marketable carrots (Daucus carota L.) and on nematode population dynamics were determined. These studies included a comparison of the efficacy of granular nematicides and soil fumigants. Surviving nematodes multiplied and caused unacceptable losses 2 yr after fumigation. Fumigation with Telone, D.D. or Vorlex gave the best nematode control and the highest marketable yield. Oxamyl, aldicarb and fosthietan gave a significant protection of carrots at doses of 3 and 6 kg a.i./ha. Bunema, phenamiphos and carbofuran were the least effective.
L'efficacité d'un traitement de la planche de semis avec le fumigant 1,3-dichloropropène (1,3-D) pour la lutte contre le Meloidogyne hapla et l'accroissement des rendements de carotte a été évaluée en sol organique dans des champs commerciaux. Le sol a été traité avec le 1,3-D à la dose de 56 et 112 L ha-1, soit incorporé avec un motoculteur sur une bande de 15 cm sur le rang ou injecté sous la planche de semis à 20 cm de profondeur à la dose de 56 L ha-1 à l'aide d'une jambe derrière le motoculteur. L'injection à 56 L ha-1 a fourni le plus haut niveau de lutte contre le nematode avec le plus faible indice de nodosité et les meilleurs rendements en carottes vendables (66,7 t ha-1 vs. 51 ha-1 pour le témoin non traité). La méthode d'application par incorporation a été moins efficace que la méthode par injection, même avec le double de la dose. Dans un deuxième essai au champ, le fumigant a été injecté à la dose de 40 L ha-1 avec un injecteur simple à 20 cm de profondeur. Le traitement de sol a augmente le nombre de carottes vendables (68,7 t ha-1 vs. 11,8 1: ha-1 pour le témoin non traité) et a réduit la nodulation. Un traitement de la planche de semis avec le 1,3-D est une méthode alternative et efficace au traitement traditionnel à la volée pour la lutte contre le nématode des nodosités en culture de carottes en sol organique.The efficacy of plant bed treatment with the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) to control Meloidogyne hapla and improve carrot yields was determined in an organic soil under commercial field conditions. The soil was treated with 1,3-D at 56 and 112 L ha-1 either mixed with a rototiller in a 15-cm width band over the row or injected 20 cm deep with a single shank behind the rototiller at a rate of 56 L ha-1. The single injection treatment at the 56 L ha-1 rate provided the best nematode control with the lowest galling indices and the highest yield of marketable carrot roots (66.7 t ha-1 vs. 5 t ha-1 for untreated control). The mixed application method was less effective than the soil injection method, even at twice the rate. In a second field trial, the fumigant was injected at 40 L ha-1 rate through a single shank at 20 cm deep. Soil treatment suppressed galling and significantly increased the number of marketable carrot roots (68.71 ha-1 vs. 11.81 ha-1 control). Plant bed treatment with 1,3-D is an effective alternative to traditional broadcast treatment for control of root-knot nematodes in carrot production on organic soil
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