The marine habitat exploited by black-browed Diomedea melanophrys and grey-headed albatrosses D. chrysostoma breeding at Campbell Island, New Zealand, was studied using satellite telemetry. Data were analysed in relation to the bathymetry and sea-surface temperature of the foraging zones. Black-browed albatrosses spent 55% of their time on the Campbell Plateau but also carried out long foraging tnps to the Polar Front and Antarctic Zone at a distance of over 2000 km. They relied heavily on juvenile Micrornesistius australis, a schooling fish, during foraging trips to the shelf but over oceanic waters the squid Martialia hyadesi was the main prey taken. Grey-headed albatrosses spent 71 % of their time foraging over the deep waters of the Polar Frontal Zone where M. hyadesicomprised over 90% of the mass of prey taken. No satellite-tracked birds fed over the shelf, but data from the duration of foraging trips and dietary analysis suggests that shelf-feeding is important for this species. Significant inter-species differences in the time spent in neritic and oceanic zones show that blackbrowed albatrosses are reliant primarily on shelf resources while grey-headed albatrosses are primarily oceanic feeders. In addition, the 2 species overlapped little in the zones used over oceanic waters, with black-browed albatrosses feeding in more southerly waters than grey-headed albatrosses. However, both species feed on M. hyadesi when foraging in association with the Polar Front.
Histological examinations were carried out on the stomach, pyloric caeca and 4 different parts of the intestine, as well as the rectum, hepatopancreas, gall bladder and spleen of 52 sea bream Sparus aurata spontaneously infected by Enteromyxum leei. Fifteen fish from a non-infected farm were included as a control. Clinical signs appeared only in extensively and severely infected fish. We observed Enteromyxum leei almost exclusively in the intestinal tract, and very rarely in the intrahepatic biliary ducts or gall bladder. We observed heavily infected intestinal villi adjacent to parasite-free villi. Histological changes indicated a parasite infection gradually extending from villus to villus, originating from an initial limited infected area probably located in the rectum. The parasite forms were exclusively pansporoblasts located along the epithelial basement membrane. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-Alcian blue was the most useful histological stain for identifying the parasite and characterising the degree of intestinal infection. We observed severe enteritis in infected fish, with inflammatory cell infiltration and sclerosis of the lamina propria. The number of goblet cells was considerably and significantly decreased in heavily infected fish. The intestines of 4 of the 5 survivor fish were totally free of parasites and showed severe chronic enteritis with a regenerative epithelium, suggesting that an acquired immune process may spontaneously eliminate parasites. KEY WORDS: Enteromyxum leei · Myxidiosis · Parasitic enteritis · Histopathology · Sparus aurataResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher
The species, distributions and abundances of squids in the Southern Ocean are difficult to assess by conventional oceanographic means The study of the food and feeding ecology of squid-eating predators such as procellaniform seabirds appears to be a supplemental way to collect useful information on cephalopod biology Regurgitations were collected from 52 chicks of the black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophrys at Kerguelen Island in February 1994 Cephalopod remains were removed and identified by means of beaks gladius and mantle Squid beaks of the fam11y Ommastrephidae amounted to 55% (n = 348) of the accumulated squid beaks They were also those most often regurgitated in association with partially digested crowns and mantles (90% of the squid fresh remains, n = 28) Two species of ommastrephids equally dominated the squid diet, M a r t~a l~a h y a d e s~ (only found once in Kerguelen waters] and a Todarodes species, probably T angolens~s, prev~ously unknown in the area The concomitant satellite tracking of 16 adult birds over a total of 35 foraging tnps identified their main feeding areas as the inner shelf break to the NE and over a bank to the SE of Kerguelen Island Taken together, albatross dietary and foraglng data indlcate that juveniles of M hyadesl and Todarodes s p concentrate over the upper shelf slope to the east of Kerguelen Island, some of them occurring in the top 5 m of the water column where they are caught by the albatrosses
Lesions caused by the Cô te d'Ivoire subtype of Ebola virus in a naturally infected young chimpanzee were characterized by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The predominant lesions consisted of multifocal necrosis in the liver and diffuse fibrinoid necrosis in the red pulp of the spleen. In these sites, macrophages contained large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that macrophages were a major site of viral replication. The absence of bronchiolar and pulmonary lesions and the paucity of antigen-containing macrophages in the lung suggested that aerosol transmission by this animal was unlikely. There were necrotic foci and antigen-containing macrophages in intestinal lymph nodes, in association with lesions caused by intestinal parasites, suggesting the possibility of virus entry through the digestive tract. 1979. EBO-CI appears to be a new subtype of EBO filovirus, tions (4 mm thick) were stained with hematoxylin-eosin-saffron. and it is antigenically different from the 3 subtypes that wereThe Lendrum method of identifying red-stained polymerized fibrin isolated during previous hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in the deposits and Perl's method for using ferroprotein pigments were also used for selected slides.Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, and the United Immunohistochemical studies were done on paraffin-embedded States [1]. The Zaire and Sudan subtypes (EBO-Z and EBOslides for selected tissues, using two mouse polyclonal antibodies S, respectively) were derived from human cases and appeared (Institut Pasteur), one of which was prepared with EBO-CI and highly lethal for human [2 -6] and nonhuman primates [7]. The the other with a recombinant N protein from the Gabon strain (an Reston subtype (EBO-R), which was isolated from a cynomol-EBO-Z), which is known to cross-react with EBO-CI. Antibody gus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) colony, appeared to be lethal dilutions of 1:140 and 1:200, respectively, were used.for nonhuman primates and nonpathogenic for humans [8,9].An immunoperoxidase staining technique was performed using EBO-CI expresses a new pathogenic potential: It seems to the streptavidin-biotin complex amplification system with 3,3-be highly lethal for chimpanzees and clearly pathogenic but diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. Sections were previously apparently nonlethal for humans. This fact suggests that neither treated with 10% hydrogen peroxide for 3 min at 37ЊC to eliminate endogenous peroxidases. Primary antibodies were incubated for nonhuman primates nor humans are natural hosts of EBO virus. 90 min. Biotin-labeled secondary antibody was incubated for 1 h, To help elucidate the pathogenesis of EBO infection in natuafter which streptavidin-peroxidase was added for another h; color rally infected chimpanzees, we now describe histological findin the sections was then detected using 3,3-diaminobenzidine as ings in lesions in selected tissues and immunohistochemical the chromogen (kit K 391; Dako, Trappes, France). Negative conlocali...
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