Low energy (E < 2 eV) photoelectron transmission data have been obtained for thin hyd~ocarbon films at 77'K as a function of film thickness, which has been varied in steps of 10-70 A. The photocurrent data approximate exponential attenuation which yield low energy range values which vary from 7 (n -nonane) to 82 A (neopentane) for very thin films (t < 100 A) and. 30 (n -hexane) to 138 A (neopentane) for thicker films. The origin and interpretation of the exponential distribution as well as the Gaussian distribution which is usually employed, are discussed in terms of Fermi-Age and diffusion models. Two scattering models are discussed as a means of interpreting the two diffusion lengths and the apparent '112 factor between them.A copper photocathode was heliarc welded across the end of a standard Varian high vacuum liquid nitrogen feedthrough tube to improve thermal energy transfer. The surface enclosed by a groove in the copper block is used as the photocathode. Marz grade silver or gold was deposited on the cathode surface. Due to the high

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An experimental approach of inclined incidence magneto-optic Faraday effect observed in the polar plane is applied. Three samples containing ferromagnetic cobalt ultrathin films on a semiconductor zinc oxide (0001) single crystal substrate with in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy are evaluated. Through the fine adjustment of crossed polarizers in the magneto-optic effect measurement completely recorded the detail optical and magneto-optical responses from the birefringent crystal substrate and the magnetic film, especially for the signal induced from the substrate with uniaxial optical axis. The angle dependency of interference phenomena periodically from the optical and magneto-optical responses is attributed to the birefringence even in the absence of a magnetic field. The new type of observation finds that the transmission Faraday intensity in the oblique incidence includes a combination of polarization rotations, which results from optical compensation from the substrate and magneto-optical Faraday effects from the film. The samples grown at different rates and examined by this method exhibit magnetic structure discriminations. This result can be applied in the advanced polarized-light technologies to enhance the spatial resolution of magnetic surfaces with microstructural information under various magnetic field direction

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the initial growth of epitaxial in-plane anisotropic Co ultrathin films on the ZnO (002) crystal surface was discovered. The critical thickness of weak spin reorientation transition phenomenon in deposition process from in-plane to out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy is around 2 nm. Ultrathin 1.2 nm Co film was stabilized by post-irradiation of low-energy N ions from the observation of hysteresis loop transforming from an S-shape soft magnetic state to a square hard magnetic state. The addition of N affected the magnetic behavior. The time-dependent nitridization process was observed using Auger electron spectroscopy. Magneto-optical Faraday effect measurements were used to observe the magnetic properties of high-transmission Co/ZnO (002) and Co–N/ZnO (002) surface. A strong polar magneto-optic Faraday effect was dominated in the 2.0–4.0 nm Co/ZnO (002) surfaces. From the N+ implantation that reduces the corresponding coercivity, a hexagonal c-axis lattice structure of Co with a preferred perpendicular anisotropy on the ZnO (002) surface may be explained.

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