Sustained intestinal delivery of drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (choice for colon carcinomas) and insulin (for diabetes mellitus) seems to be a feasible alternative to injection therapy. For successful therapy, the drug should be delivered at proper sites (here, the intestine) for long duration, for producing maximum pharmacological activity. We have attempted to develop a formulation that can bypass the acidity of the stomach and release the loaded drug for long periods into the intestine by using the bioadhesiveness of polyacrylic acid, alginate, and chitosan. Bromothymol blue was taken as a model drug. The formulation exhibited bioadhesive property and released the drug for an eight-day period in vitro.
An oral formulation based on liposome encapsulated alginate-chitosan gel capsules was developed for insulin delivery for the treatment of diabetes. Liposome encapsulation helped to increase the encapsulation efficiency of insulin in alginate-chitosan capsules. This formulation delivers insulin in the neutral environment of the intestine, by-passing the acidic media in the stomach, with increased drug absorption and bioavailability. Oral administration of this formulation was found to reduce blood glucose levels when tested in diabetic rats.
S ustained release aceclofenac matrix tablets constituting Kollidon sustained release (KSR) (polyvinyl acetate and povidone-based matrix retarding polymer) were developed in this study in an attempt to design a dosage form that manifests desirable release profile and thorough adherence to official monographs. Nine matrix tablet formulations were prepared by dry blending and direct compression method by varying the proportion of KSR and compression load with fixed percentage of aceclofenac. Among this, by comparing response variables of the prepared formulations with that of the marketed product, two formulations (KSR5 and KSR7) were chosen as the optimized formulations. The formulation showed close resemblance to commercial products and compliance with United States Pharmacopoeia USP specification. The exponential model was applied to characterize the drug release behavior from polymeric systems. It was found that non-Fickian release is predominant in tablets containing KSR with a trend toward zero-order kinetics. The study also involves in vivo evaluation of the optimized formulations to find out relevant pharmacokinetic parameters. Correlation of in vitro drug release with that of amount of drug absorbed in vivo has also been performed.
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with suitable bacterial strains conveys much interest in recent years. We studied biodegradation of PAHs namely phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene using two efficient PAHs degrading strains, B. cereus CPOU13 and B. subtilis SPC14 in vitro experiments. Standard HPLC chromatograms for phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene were plotted separately based on HPLC peak area values and Retension time of known concentrations of the test PAHs and using software, ‘Origin 6.0’. Biodegradation of PAHs mixture containing phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene was studied in for 13 days. We found that the combination of bacterial strains, B. cereus CPOU13 and B. subtilis SPC14 degraded high amounts of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene in 13 days of incubation. The recorded degradation percentages of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene were 85.31, 92.82 and 85.70 respectively. Concentration of phenanthrene was degraded from 217µg/5ml to 31.9µg/5ml. Concentration of anthracene was degraded from 211µg/5ml to 16µg/5ml. Concentration of pyrene was degraded from 233µg/5ml to 33µg/5ml in 13 days of incubation. We also observed biodegradation of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene from 1st day to 13th day.
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