The enzyme long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is essential for lipid metabolism. The ACSL1 gene controls unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis as well as the formation of lipid droplets in bovine adipocytes. Here, we used RNA-Seq to determine lncRNA and mRNA that regulate UFA synthesis in bovine adipocytes using RNA interference and non-interference with ACSL1. The corresponding target genes of differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and the DE mRNAs were found to be enriched in lipid and FA metabolism-related pathways, according to GO and KEGG analyses. The differentially expressed lncRNA- differentially expressed mRNA (DEL-DEM) interaction network indicated that some DELs, such as TCONS_00069661, TCONS_00040771, TCONS_ 00035606, TCONS_00048301, TCONS_001309018, and TCONS_00122946, were critical for UFA synthesis. These findings assist our understanding of the regulation of UFA synthesis by lncRNAs and mRNAs in bovine adipocytes.
In this paper, we present CertiQ, a mostly-automated verification framework for the Qiskit quantum compiler. To our knowledge, CertiQ is the first effort to apply formal verification and SMT reasoning to a real-world quantum compiler. Qiskit is currently the most complete and widely-used open-source quantum software stack from low-level compilation to high-level quantum algorithms. With growing community contributions, the Qiskit compiler is in need of code quality control and verification down to the compilation level to guarantee reliability of scientific work that uses it. CertiQ is deeply integrated into the Qiskit compiler (called Terra), providing abstract specifications for quantum compiler data structures and offering verifiable contracts that specify the behaviors of compilation phases with heavy optimizations. CertiQ enables verification of existing implementation of the Qiskit compiler and future code submissions in a mostlyautomated manner using invariant-guided contracts and contract continuation. With these CertiQ techniques in place, developers need to provide limited inputs only where function contracts and loop invariants cannot be inferred automatically.The CertiQ verification procedure discovers several critical bugs, some of which are unique to quantum software. Our extensive case studies on four compiler phases of Qiskit demonstrate that CertiQ is effective for verification of quantum compilers with a low proof burden.
Seeking sustainable and biocompatible detergent remains a big challenge. In this work, we report a new type of polysaccharide nanocrystal that is extracted from available industrial xylan biowastes via mild ammonium persulfate (APS) aqueous oxidation, which subsequently serves as a sustainable household detergent. By carefully adjusting the oxidation conditions (∼0.5 M, 60 °C), plate xylan hydrated nanocrystals (XNCs) can be accessed in reasonable yield (∼23%) with diameters of 30−50 nm and thicknesses of 5−12 nm. In comparison to the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), the crystalline structure of XNCs demonstrates remarkable humidity-dependent behavior. Additionally, the acetylated xylan nanocrystals (AXNCs) exhibit high surface/interface activity to form stable Pickering emulsions, intriguing cleaning efficiency in removing stains from fabric surfaces, and the capability to de-wet oil from various types of tableware material. Seed germination, crop growth, and aquatic ecotoxicological evaluation demonstrate that AXNCs show no toxicity toward plants and zebrafish (median lethal concentration > 20,000 mg/L) with which they can be applied either as eco-friendly laundry or kitchen detergents. Our work presents a new avenue for converting industrial biowastes into sustainable household materials.
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