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This article gives a summary of the IEEE P1918.1 working group's standardization results.

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The planar contactless battery charging system is an emerging technology that can be applied to a wide range of portable consumer electronic products. Beginning with a brief historical background, this paper presents a new single-layer winding array and receiver coil structure with cylindrical ferrite cores for planar contactless battery charging systems. Complying with the "Qi" standard, this design enables multiple devices to be placed and charged simultaneously on the wireless charging pad in a free-positioning manner. The charging flux is totally localized within the covered area between the selected primary winding and the secondary winding inside the load. The electromagnetic characteristics of such winding design are studied in finite-element analysis and confirmed by practical implementation.

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A recurring obstacle for structural genomics is the expression of insoluble, aggregated proteins. In these cases, the use of alternative salvage strategies, like in vitro refolding, is hindered by the lack of a universal refolding method. To overcome this obstacle, fractional factorial screens have been introduced as a systematic and rapid method to identify refolding conditions. However, methodical analyses of the effectiveness of refolding reagents on large sets of proteins remain limited. In this study, we address this void by designing a fractional factorial screen to rapidly explore the effect of 14 different reagents on the refolding of 33 structurally and functionally diverse proteins. The refolding data was analyzed using statistical methods to determine the effect of each refolding additive. The screen has been miniaturized for automation resulting in reduced protein requirements and increased throughput. Our results show that the choice of pH and reducing agent had the largest impact on protein refolding. Bis-mercaptoacetamide cyclohexane (BMC) and tris(2-carboxyethylphosphine) (TCEP) were superior reductants when compared to others in the screen. BMC was particularly effective in refolding disulfide-containing proteins, while TCEP was better for nondisulfide-containing proteins. From the screen, we successfully identified a positive synergistic interaction between nondetergent sulfobetaine 201 (NDSB 201) and BMC on Cdc25A refolding. The soluble protein resulting from this interaction crystallized and yielded a 2.2 Å structure. Our method, which combines a fractional factorial screen with statistical analysis of the data, provides a powerful approach for the identification of optimal refolding reagents in a general refolding screen. Keywords: protein folding; fractional factorial screen; crystal structure; inclusion bodies; highthroughput refolding; structural genomicsThe identification of 20,000-25,000 genes from the human genome project has resulted in a wealth of potential targets for structural biology investigation and pharmaceutical design (International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium 2004). Since the completion of the project, expectations have been high that the number of protein crystal structures would dramatically increase but, in reality, there has only been a moderate rise in the number of crystal structures, due largely to a lack of sufficient quantities of protein suitable for structural studies (Service 2002). Although the technology responsible for expressing recombinant proteins is highly developed , it is still difficult to produce enough soluble protein for these structural studies. The ultimate goal of determining crystal structures on a genome-wide scale requires methods designed to improve the yield of functional protein.Reprint requests to: Ted Fox, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; e-mail: ted_fox@vrtx.com; fax: (617) 444-6820.Abbreviations: AMP-PNP, 5 0 -adenylylimidodiphosphate; bME, b-mercaptoethanol; BMC, bis-mercaptoacetamide...

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power density, high energy density, and environmental friendly. [1,2] Tremendous attempts are made to further improve the energy density of LIBs for new applications as electrical vehicles and hybrid electrical vehicles, which mainly focus on seeking new electrode materials. [3][4][5] It is well recognized that the key for commercialization of LIBs is the discovery and application of insertion anode, graphite. However, in the last three decades, few insertion anode alternatives are available with good promise of commercial requirements and higher energy than graphite, which becomes a bottleneck for the development of next generation LIBs. Besides of graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Li 3 VO 4 is first proposed as a new promising insertion anode in 2013. [6] It shows a theoretical capacity of 394 mA h g −1 when inserted 2 mole Li per formula, higher than graphite and nearly two times that of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . The potential plateau of Li 3 VO 4 (1.0-1.5 V) falls in between graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , which ensures the energy density as well as safety of battery system. What is more, after continuous research efforts in the following 3 years, its available capacity can be further increased to the level of 400-500 mA h g −1 based on 2 < x < 3 in Li 3+x VO 4 , revealing a promising perspective for application in high energy LIBs. [7,8] However, Li 3 VO 4 is still faced with the challenges of low electrical conductivity, inferior rate performance and cycle life. [9,10] The current reported works on Li 3 VO 4 are mainly focused on decreasing the particle size to improve its reaction activity by exploring different synthesis methods, [11][12][13][14] or enhancing its conductivity by carbon coating or compositing. [15][16][17][18][19] These efforts are indeed helpful to improve the capacity and rate performances, but they did not alter the intrinsic structure properties of Li 3 VO 4 , thus can hardly relieve the complex multistep insertion/extraction electrode process. The slow electrode kinetics associated with the multistep reaction mechanism remains a big issue needed to be solved.With an analogue structure to Li 3 PO 4 , Li 3 VO 4 also possesses low temperature phase (named as β form) and high temperature phase (named as γ form). [20,21] In view of an active electrode material, the γ phase which possesses a higher ionic conductivity may be more preferable for Li 3 VO 4 in LIB application. Unfortunately, the γ phase Li 3 VO 4 is only stable at high temperature and it would transform to β phase spontaneously when cooling down. Up to now, all the reported Li 3 VO 4 for The γ phase Li 3 VO 4 which possesses higher ionic conductivity is more preferable for lithium ion batteries, but it is only stable at high temperature and would convert to low temperature β phase spontaneously when cooling down. Here, the phase control of Li 3 VO 4 to stabilize its γ phase in room temperature is successfully mediated by introducing proper Si-doping, and for the first time the electrochemical performances of γ-Li 3 VO 4 is investigated. It is...