The polymer/TiO2 array heterojunction interfacial characteristics can be tailored by balanced dipole effects through integration of TiO2-quantum dots (QDs) and N719 at heterojunction interface, resulting in the tunable photovoltaic performance. The changes of V
oc with interfacial engineering originate from the shift of the conduction band (E
c) edge in the TiO2 nanorod by the interfacial dipole with different directions (directed away or toward the TiO2 nanorod). The J
sc improvement originates from the enhanced charge separation efficiency with an improved electronic coupling property and better charge transfer property. The balanced dipole effects caused by TiO2-QDs and N719 modification on the device V
oc are confirmed by the changed built-in voltage V
bi and reverse saturation current density J
s.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11671-017-1867-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
We report the formation of gold ramified aggregates after deposition of Au on an ionic liquid surface by thermal evaporation method at room temperature. It is observed that the aggregates are composed of both granules and nanocrystals with hexagonal or triangular appearances. The most probable size of the nanocrystals is much larger than that of the granules and it increases with the nominal deposition thickness. The formation mechanism of the granules, nanocrystals and aggregates is presented.
We report a catalyst-free growth of Cu nanocrystals on ionic liquid surfaces by thermal evaporation method at room temperature. After deposition of Cu on ionic liquid surfaces, ramified Cu aggregates form. It is found that the aggregates are composed of both granules and nanocrystals with triangular or hexagonal appearances. The sizes of the nanocrystals are in the range of tens to hundreds of nanometers and increase with the nominal deposition thickness. The growth mechanism of the Cu aggregates and nanocrystals is presented.
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