We realize a cavity magnon-microwave photon system in which magnetic dipole interaction mediates strong coupling between collective motion of large number of spins in a ferrimagnet and the microwave field in a three-dimensional cavity. By scaling down the cavity size and increasing number of spins, an ultrastrong coupling regime is achieved with a cooperativity reaching 12600. Interesting dynamic features including classical Rabi oscillation, magnetically induced transparency, and Purcell effect are demonstrated in this highly versatile platform, highlighting its great potential for coherent information processing. Introduction.-Systems with strong light-matter interaction have played crucial roles in quantum [1,2] and classical information processing [3,4] as they enable coherent information transfer between distinct physical platforms. It is well known that systems with large electric dipole moment can couple strongly with the optical fields. However, the possibility of strong light-matter interaction via magnetic dipoles is mostly ignored. It is only recently that Imamoglu [5] has pointed out the direction to achieve strong light-matter interaction using collective excitations of spin ensembles, and visioned the promise of quantum information processing in these systems. Since then, various implementations have been proposed and experimentally investigated. Ensembles including ultracold atomic clouds [6], molecules [7], nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond [8][9][10][11][12][13], and ion doped crystals [14][15][16] have been used to couple to microwave resonators or even superconducting qubits.

Coherent magnon-phonon interaction is demonstrated in a ferrimagnetic sphere.

The prognostic role of inflammation index like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. We conduct a meta-analysis to determine the predictable value of NLR in the clinical outcome of CRC patients. The analysis was carried out based on the data from 16 studies (19 cohorts) to evaluate the association between NLR and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with CRC. In addition, the relationship between NLR and clinicopathological parameters was assessed. Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size estimate. Our analysis results indicated that elevated pretreatment NLR predicted poorer OS (HR: 1.813, 95% CI: 1.499-2.193) and PFS (HR: 2.102, 95% CI: 1.554-2.843) in patients with CRC. Increased NLR is also significantly associated with the poorer differentiation of the tumor (OR: 1.574, 95% CI: 1.226-2.022) and higher carcino-embryonie antigen (CEA) level (OR: 1.493, 95% CI: 1.308-1.705). By these results, we conclude that NLR gains a prognostic value for patients with CRC. NLR should be monitored in CRC patients for rational stratification of the patients and adjusting the treatment strategy.

Extensive efforts have been expended in developing hybrid quantum systems to overcome the short coherence time of superconducting circuits by introducing the naturally long-lived spin degree of freedom. Among all the possible materials, single-crystal yttrium iron garnet has shown up recently as a promising candidate for hybrid systems, and various highly coherent interactions, including strong and even ultrastrong coupling, have been demonstrated. One distinct advantage in these systems is that spins form well-defined magnon modes, which allows flexible and precise tuning. Here we demonstrate that by dissipation engineering, a non-Markovian interaction dynamics between the magnon and the microwave cavity photon can be achieved. Such a process enables us to build a magnon gradient memory to store information in the magnon dark modes, which decouple from the microwave cavity and thus preserve a long lifetime. Our findings provide a promising approach for developing long-lifetime, multimode quantum memories.

Magnons in ferrimagnetic insulators such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) have recently emerged as promising candidates for coherent information processing in microwave circuits. Here we demonstrate optical whispering gallery modes of a YIG sphere interrogated by a silicon nitride photonic waveguide, with quality factors approaching 10 6 in the telecom c-band after surface treatments. Moreover, in contrast to conventional Faraday setup, this implementation allows input photon polarized colinearly to the magnetization to be scattered to a sideband mode of orthogonal polarization. This Brillouin scattering process is enhanced through triply resonant magnon, pump and signal photon modes -all of whispering gallery nature -within an "optomagnonic cavity". Our results show the potential use of magnons for mediating microwave-to-optical carrier conversion.Hybrid magnonic systems have been emerging recently as an important approach towards coherent information processing 1-9 . The building block of such systems, magnon, is the quantized magnetization excitation in magnetic materials 10,11 . Its great tunability and long lifetime make magnon an ideal information carrier. Particularly, in magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG), magnons interact with microwave photons through magnetic dipole interaction, which can reach the strong and even ultrastrong coupling regime thanks to the large spin density in YIG 4-6 . Besides, the magnon can also couple with the elastic wave 12,13 and optical light 14,15 , it is of great potential as an information transducer that mediates inter-conversion among microwave photon, optical photon and acoustic phonon. Long desired functions, such as microwave-to-optical conversion, can be realized on such a versatile platform.Magneto-optical (MO) effects such as Faraday effect have been long discovered and utilized in discrete optical device applications [16][17][18] . Based on such effects, magnons can coherently interact with optical photons. On the one hand, magnon can be generated by optical pumps [19][20][21][22] . On the other hand, optical photons can be used to probe magnon through Brillouin light scattering (BLS) 15,23 . However, in previous studies the typical geometries are all thin film or bulk samples inside which the optical photon interacts with magnon very weakly, usually only through a single pass. For high efficient magnon-photon interaction, it is desirable to obtain triple resonance condition of high quality (Q) factor modes, i.e., the magnon, the input and the output optical photons are simultaneously on resonance.In this Letter, we demonstrate the magnon-photon interaction in a high Q optomagnonic cavity which simultaneously supports whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of optical and magnon resonances. With high-precision fabrication and careful surface treatment, the widely used YIG sphere structure, which is inherently an excellent magnonic resonator, exhibits high optical Q factors in our measurements. YIG has a high refractive index (2.2 in the telecom c-band), which poses...

Despite the increasing interest in TRPA1 channel as a pain target, its role in cold sensation and body temperature regulation is not clear; the efficacy and particularly side effects resulting from channel blockade remain poorly understood. Here we use a potent, selective, and bioavailable antagonist to address these issues. A-967079 potently blocks human (IC(50): 51 nmol/L, electrophysiology, 67 nmol/L, Ca(2+) assay) and rat TRPA1 (IC(50): 101 nmol/L, electrophysiology, 289 nmol/L, Ca(2+) assay). It is >1000-fold selective over other TRP channels, and is >150-fold selective over 75 other ion channels, enzymes, and G-protein-coupled receptors. Oral dosing of A-967079 produces robust drug exposure in rodents, and exhibits analgesic efficacy in allyl isothiocyanate-induced nocifensive response and osteoarthritic pain in rats (ED(50): 23.2 mg/kg, p.o.). A-967079 attenuates cold allodynia produced by nerve injury but does not alter noxious cold sensation in naive animals, suggesting distinct roles of TRPA1 in physiological and pathological states. Unlike TRPV1 antagonists, A-967079 does not alter body temperature. It also does not produce locomotor or cardiovascular side effects. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into TRPA1 function and suggest that the selective TRPA1 blockade may present a viable strategy for alleviating pain without untoward side effects.

The nucleus accumbens is a forebrain region that mediates cocaine self-administration and withdrawal effects in animal models of cocaine dependence. Considerable evidence suggests an important role of dopamine D1 receptors in these effects. Using a combination of current-clamp recordings in brain slices and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from freshly dissociated neurons, we found that nucleus accumbens neurons are less excitable in cocaine withdrawn rats because of a novel form of plasticity: reduced whole-cell sodium currents. Three days after discontinuation of repeated cocaine injections, nucleus accumbens neurons recorded in brain slices were less responsive to depolarizing current injections, had higher action potential thresholds, and had lower spike amplitudes. Freshly dissociated nucleus accumbens neurons from cocaine-pretreated rats exhibited diminished sodium current density and a depolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of sodium channel activation. These effects appear to be related to enhanced basal phosphorylation of sodium channels because of increased transmission through the dopamine D1 receptor/cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway. The effects of repeated cocaine administration were not mimicked by repeated injections of the local anesthetic lidocaine and were not observed in neurons within the motor cortex, indicating that they did not result from local anesthetic actions of cocaine. Because nucleus accumbens neurons are normally recruited to coordinate response patterns of movement and affect, the decreased excitability during cocaine withdrawal may be related to symptoms such as anergia, anhedonia, and depression.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is an appealing nonlinear optical material for on-chip wavelength conversion. Here we report optical frequency comb generation from high-quality-factor AlN microring resonators integrated on silicon substrates. By engineering the waveguide structure to achieve near-zero dispersion at telecommunication wavelengths and optimizing the phase matching for four-wave mixing, frequency combs are generated with a single-wavelength continuous-wave pump laser. Further, the Kerr coefficient (n₂) of AlN is extracted from our experimental results.