Flavonoids are key components of licorice plant that directly affect its medicinal quality. Importantly, the MYB family of transcription factors serves to regulate the synthesis of flavonoids in plants. The MYB transcription factors represent one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants and play important roles in the process of plant growth and development. MYB gene expression is induced by a number of plant hormones, including the lipid-based hormone jasmonate (JA). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator that can induce the JA signaling pathway, which functions to regulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. In this study, MeJA was added to licorice cell suspensions, and RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes. As a result, the MYB transcription factors GlMYB4 and GlMYB88 were demonstrated to respond significantly to MeJA induction. Subsequently, the GlMYB4 and GlMYB88 protein were shown to localize to the cell nucleus, and it was verified that GlMYB4 and GlMYB88 could positively regulate the synthesis of flavonoids in licorice cells. Overall, this research helps illustrate the molecular regulation of licorice flavonoid biosynthesis induced by MeJA.
Monodisperse cubic NaYF4: 20%Yb, 2%Er nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized using the high-temperature thermal decomposition method. It is found that the crystal structure of NaYF4: 20%Yb, 2%Er, [Formula: see text]%Eu ([Formula: see text] 0, 2, 4) NPs changes from cubic to hexagonal phase with the increase in Eu[Formula: see text] concentration, and the upconversion (UC) luminescent intensities of green and red emissions were decreasing. The emission peaks of Eu[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] 1, 2)) ions and the extra peaks of Er[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] ions at 450 nm are found, which suggests that the energy transfer between Er[Formula: see text] ions and Eu[Formula: see text] ions occurred with the near infrared light excitation. The probable mechanism related to the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition of NaYF4 and energy transfer between Eu[Formula: see text] and Er[Formula: see text] ions or Yb[Formula: see text] ions are discussed.
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