BackgroundThe expression of circular RNA (circRNA) may affect tumor progression. However, there have been no systemic meta-analysis for cancer diagnosis by using circRNAs in clinical till now. Herein, we aimed to collect and examined all the evidence on the potential role of circRNA as novel biomarker in human cancers.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literatures in the databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science from 2015 to August 2017. The correlation between circRNA expression and the diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers was analyzed. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by quality assessment for the diagnostic accuracies of the eligible studies (QUADAS-2). Statistical analysis was performed by applying the STATA (version 12.0) software.ResultsThe present meta-analysis included 1752 patients with circRNA expression data of tumor and paired adjacent non-tumorous tissues from 17 publications (19 studies). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negative likelihood ratios (NLR), and diagnostic OR (DOR) with their 95% confidential intervals (95%CIs), and AUC values were 0.72 (0.67–0.76), 0.74 (0.69–0.78), 2.80 (2.40–3.10), 0.38 (0.33–0.44), 7.00 (6.00–9.00), and 0.79, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the expression of circRNA in tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group was more prone to be detected than other tumor types, with a high values of the specificity, DOR, and AUC.ConclusionscircRNAs might be suitable as diagnostic biomarkers for tumors, especially in HCC diagnosis. Further prospective studies on the diagnostic value of circRNAs from the different tumors are needed in the future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4213-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), owing to its high sensitivity based on localized surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals, is recently attracting much attention to be used for biotechnology, such as cell imaging and tumor therapy. On the other hand, the trace detection of bio-molecules with large molecular weight is still challenging because the troublesome treatment of SERS substrate using coupling or cross-linking agents is required. In this paper, we apply liquid interface assisted SERS (LI-SERS) method, which provides unique features of collection and self-immobilization of analyte molecules on the SERS substrate, to realize the label-free trace detection of bio-molecules with detection limits of pM ~ fM. Specifically, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) discrimination and quantitative detection of β-Amyloid (Aβ) in trace-concentration are demonstrated to illustrate the ultrahigh sensitivity and versatility of the LI-SERS method. The results suggest LI-SERS is promising for the early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.
3D braided group theory is dissertated. The analysis procedure is described from the existing braided geometry structure to the braided space group; 3D braided geometrical structures are finally described by means of group theory. Some of novel 3D braided structures are deduced from the braided space groups. By describing the 3D braided materials with braided space point and braided space groups, the braided space groups are not always the same as symmetry groups of crystallographic because novel lattices can be produced and the reflection operation cannot exist in braided space point groups. Braided point and space groups are theoretical basis for deriving the novel braided geometry structure.
Fractal theory and methodology were used to investigate the morphology of titanium-magnesium-supported polyethylene catalysts and their relevant polymer particles. Through an analysis of the submicrostructures using scanning electron microscopy images, the surface fractal dimensions of the related particles were estimated with the box-counting method. With consideration given to the fact that the growth process of a polymer is an evolving fractal process, which is controlled on the one hand by the initial conditions, including the initial fractal dimensions of the catalysts and the initial reaction conditions, and on the other hand by the previous morphology characteristics of the system, a novel polymerization fractal growth model was constructed. The simulation results showed good agreement with the experiment data. Moreover, the morphology evolution with the prepolymerization technique was predicted, and it was suggested that the duration of polymerization was 10 -30 min. It was proven that the use of the surface fractal dimension as an important parameter describing the surface morphologies of the particles, either of catalysts or polymers, was real and effective.
Histone methylation shapes the epigenetic configuration and adjusts multiple fundamental nuclear processes, including transcription, cell cycle control and DNA repair. The absence of histone demethylase LSD1/SPR-5 leads to progressive fertility defects as well as a reduction in brood size. Similarly, C. elegans LSD2 homolog AMX-1 has been implicated in regulating H3K4me2 and maintaining interstrand crosslinks (ICL) susceptibility. However, the mechanisms of how lack of AMX-1 induces sterility have not been addressed so far. This study investigated the histone demethylase AMX-1 in C. elegans and uncovered how amx-1 contributes to sterility in a p53/CEP-1 dependent manner. We show that while sterility in spr-5 mutants exhibited progressive over generations, amx-1 mutants displayed non-transgenerational fertility defects. Also, amx-1 mutants exhibited a reduced number of sperms and produced low brood size (LBS) or sterile worms that retain neither sperms nor germline nuclei, suggesting that fertility defects originated from germline development failure. Surprisingly, sterility exhibited in amx-1 was mediated by p53/CEP-1 function. Consistent with this result, upregulation of Piwi expression in amx-1 mutants suggested that AMX-1 is essential for germline development by regulating Piwi gene expressions. We propose that AMX-1 is required for proper Piwi expression and transposon silencing in a p53/CEP-1 dependent manner; thus, the absence of AMX-1 expression leads to defective meiotic development and sterility. This study elucidates how LSD2/AMX-1 contributes to sterility, therefore, expanding the boundaries of histone demethylase function.
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